Bijan Rezaee; Mahdi Hosseinpour; Said Bakhshi; Mahtab Mortezaei
Abstract
1- INTRODUCTIONIn the modern era, the development of information and communication technologies has influenced many aspects of human life, complicating and obscuring environmental conditions, rules of engagement, and competitive landscapes. Consequently, organizational survival and sustainability depend ...
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1- INTRODUCTIONIn the modern era, the development of information and communication technologies has influenced many aspects of human life, complicating and obscuring environmental conditions, rules of engagement, and competitive landscapes. Consequently, organizational survival and sustainability depend on innovation, creativity, and the development of new products and processes. Entrepreneurship stimulates economic growth and creates a favorable economic environment for a nation. This is why governments have prioritized the promotion of entrepreneurship. According to the 2020 Global Entrepreneurship Index report, Iran's entrepreneurship ecosystem is underdeveloped, with an overall entrepreneurship score of only 268. Among the 47 countries in the Middle East region evaluated in this report, Iran ranks 32nd. Given these circumstances, this study aims to formulate a model of factors influencing the development of public-sector entrepreneurship within the Agricultural Jihad Organization of Ilam City, with a focus on enhancing entrepreneurship policy development and achieving entrepreneurial outcomes. It is worth noting that previous research has rarely addressed the formulation of a model for entrepreneurship development within public organizations. This study seeks to identify the variables influencing public-sector entrepreneurship development, presenting them in a model that emphasizes the role of government and is tailored to the specific conditions of the province, while addressing the challenges associated with designing an entrepreneurship development model. 2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKGiven the hidden benefits of entrepreneurship and the use of entrepreneurial initiatives in government organizations, the need to identify the components of government entrepreneurship in government organizations is inevitable. There has been little research in the country on the entrepreneurial government. By reviewing the studies mentioned in the research background, entrepreneurship in the government sector has been studied from different perspectives. However, each of these studies has focused on a general view of the subject and only on examining and identifying specific and limited areas of the entrepreneurial government; in such a way that none of the studies conducted so far have presented a local model of the factors affecting the entrepreneurial government, and this indicates a research gap in the field of developing the entrepreneurial government. Now, this study, by analyzing and comparing different models and variables of government entrepreneurship, based on thematic analysis and the Delphi method, has presented a local model for the development of the entrepreneurial government in agricultural Jihad organizations. 3- METHODOLOGYThis study employs a mixed-methods approach and is applied in terms of purpose. In the qualitative phase, the research population included 11 professors and experts actively involved in entrepreneurship in Ilam province. They were selected through purposive sampling, and data were gathered using semi-structured interviews with thematic analysis, continuing until theoretical saturation was achieved. The quantitative phase's population consisted of 215 managers and postgraduate-level experts from the Agricultural Jihad Organization and affiliated institutions in Ilam province. Using Cochran's formula, a sample of 138 participants was selected through simple random sampling, and questionnaires were distributed among them. Data were collected through a researcher-developed questionnaire. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics (structural equation modeling) were utilized, using SPSS23 and Amos23 software. 4- RESULTS & DISCUSSIONThe reliability results (Cronbach's alpha) for the research variables were above 0.78, and the composite reliability (CR) coefficient was also above 0.78. The normality (K-S test) of each variable showed a significance level greater than 0.05. Based on thematic analysis, the indicators were categorized into nine components, and confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that factor loadings for the items were greater than 0.50 and were significant at a 95% confidence level. Convergent validity among the research variables was confirmed based on the average variance extracted (AVE), which was satisfactory. Structural equation modeling was used to validate the relationships between the constructs. According to the model output in the standard estimation mode in Amos, the explanatory relationships of the variables for public-sector entrepreneurship development were confirmed, and the proposed model demonstrated a good fit. 5- CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONSThe findings from the semi-structured interviews, analyzed using thematic analysis and structural equation modeling, confirmed a model consisting of nine components: religious factors, strategic planning, entrepreneurship development policy vision, mission of entrepreneurship policy development, support and sponsorship for entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial values, short-term entrepreneurship goal-setting and planning, entrepreneurship development policy, and entrepreneurship policy-making and development. This model is valuable for policymakers, managers, and stakeholders in entrepreneurship development, especially planners in public organizations like the Agricultural Jihad Organization of Ilam. The proposed model serves as a foundational framework for other institutions, enabling organizational managers to design, implement, and evaluate entrepreneurship development models that align with the micro- and macro-level realities of their organizations and the country as a whole. Public-sector entrepreneurship and related policies represent a complex, multidimensional phenomenon influenced by numerous factors, requiring a systematic, realistic, and long-term approach for implementation at both the organizational and national levels. By addressing the components of this model, organizational capabilities and limitations can be better managed, which may pave the way toward entrepreneurship development within the Agricultural Jihad Organization.
Maryam Chezgi; Nazia Nasery; Mohsen Moradi; Ahmad Akbari
Abstract
1- INTRODUCTIONLeadership is the cornerstone of organizational success, influencing internal operations in line with the ability to achieve strategic goals in a dynamic and competitive environment. In entrepreneurship schools, leadership is key to fostering creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurial ...
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1- INTRODUCTIONLeadership is the cornerstone of organizational success, influencing internal operations in line with the ability to achieve strategic goals in a dynamic and competitive environment. In entrepreneurship schools, leadership is key to fostering creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurial thinking among students. This study investigates the dimensions and components of leadership in entrepreneurial schools, emphasizing its significance in promoting entrepreneurial development through strategic and adaptive approaches. 2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKThis research is anchored in leadership theories that include transformative, participatory, and strategic paradigms. Transformative leadership emphasizes inspiring and empowering team members, fostering innovation, and achieving long-term organizational goals. Participatory leadership focuses on collaborative decision-making, ensuring the active engagement of all stakeholders. Strategic leadership, on the other hand, integrates vision and planning to ensure alignment with long-term objectives. These frameworks are synthesized to create a conceptual model tailored to entrepreneurial schools, aligning leadership styles with the unique demands of entrepreneurship education and development. 3- METHODOLOGYThe study employs a qualitative meta-synthesis methodology, systematically analyzing literature from 2010 to 2023. Using predefined criteria, 53 articles were selected from a pool of 62 based on relevance, data richness, and academic credibility. The meta-synthesis process followed the seven-stage model proposed by Sandelowski and Barroso, including systematic review, data extraction, and thematic coding. Validity and reliability were confirmed through triangulation, expert reviews, and iterative analysis, ensuring a robust synthesis of findings. 4- RESULTS & DISCUSSIONThe findings reveal critical dimensions of leadership that contribute to the success of entrepreneurial schools:Entrepreneurial Education: This includes innovative teaching methods, financial literacy training, and practical entrepreneurial activities integrating technology and fostering critical thinking. Examples include tailored curricula, online learning platforms, and interactive workshops to develop entrepreneurial skills.Technological Entrepreneurship: Leveraging technology in education promotes innovative practices, such as integrating advanced tools for collaborative learning and entrepreneurship development. This approach aligns with global trends in technology-driven education.Empowerment Strategies: The study identifies leadership approaches that empower students and teachers, focusing on capacity building, mentorship programs, and creating an enabling environment for innovation. Key strategies include fostering self-efficacy and enhancing collaborative skills.Organizational Excellence: Leadership styles that prioritize organizational alignment and continuous improvement were shown to have significant impacts on institutional success. Participatory and transformative leadership models emerged as particularly effective in achieving organizational goals in entrepreneurial schools.The analysis demonstrates that these leadership dimensions collectively enhance educational outcomes and prepare students to navigate complex entrepreneurial landscapes. 5- CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONSThe study concludes that entrepreneurial leadership is indispensable for fostering students' innovation, adaptability, and market readiness. To maximize the impact of entrepreneurial schools, leadership strategies must integrate transformative and participatory approaches with a focus on continuous development and adaptability. Suggestions include:Curriculum Development. To design educational programs emphasizing entrepreneurial skills, financial literacy, and real-world problem-solving.Policy Reforms. To advocate for policies that support leadership training in schools to bridge the gap between education and entrepreneurial ecosystems.Training Programs. To implement leadership development initiatives for educators and administrators to align their practices with entrepreneurial objectives.Technology Integration: Leverage technology to enhance learning experiences and promote innovative teaching methods.This research underscores the transformative potential of leadership in entrepreneurial schools, offering a roadmap for fostering creativity, resilience, and strategic thinking in educational institutions.
Hosain Moghadam Kia; Heydar Amiran; Abdollah Kolobandi; Mohamadreza Kabaranzadghadim
Abstract
1- INTRODUCTIONToday, entrepreneurial opportunities are recognized to be necessary for economic and social development. Due to their unique nature based on public support and non-profit objectives, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) require a specific approach to identifying and evaluating these ...
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1- INTRODUCTIONToday, entrepreneurial opportunities are recognized to be necessary for economic and social development. Due to their unique nature based on public support and non-profit objectives, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) require a specific approach to identifying and evaluating these opportunities. The current study aims to provide a localized model for evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities within NGOs in Lorestan Province. The proposed model is designed to assist NGOs in better identifying existing opportunities and effectively utilizing them. 2- METHODOLOGYThis is qualitative research based on Strauss and Corbin’s approach to grounded theory. To gain a deeper understanding of how entrepreneurial opportunities are identified and evaluated in NGOs, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 persons (including university professors, successful entrepreneurs, and NGO managers) who were experts in entrepreneurship. The collected data was analyzed during the open, axial, and selective coding, the results of which led to 166 meaningful propositions, 35 sub-categories, 12 main categories, and one core category. 3- RESULTS & DISCUSSIONThe research findings indicate that evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities in NGOs requires considering a set of factors categorized within the study's paradigmatic model. The final model consists of six key elements: causal conditions, intervening conditions, contextual conditions, the central phenomenon, strategies, and consequences. These elements interact to provide a comprehensive framework for evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities. Causal Conditions: Factors that directly influence the formation of entrepreneurial opportunities. These include social needs, technological changes, and competitive environments, all of which can lead to the emergence of new opportunities.Intervening Conditions: Factors that can facilitate or hinder the process of opportunity evaluation, such as financial resources, entrepreneurial skills, and communication networks.Contextual Conditions: Factors that provide the background for the emergence and realization of entrepreneurial opportunities, including the culture of entrepreneurship, government support, and the level of organizational readiness.Central Phenomenon: The process of opportunity evaluation, including the identification, analysis, and selection of suitable opportunities. This process should consider all the above factors to increase the likelihood of success.Strategies: Actions that NGOs take to exploit identified opportunities, including strategic planning, resource mobilization, and the creation of supportive networks.Consequences: The outcomes of successfully implementing strategies, may include increased employment, improved economic status of NGOs, and enhanced living standards of the target community. 4- CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONSThe model presented in this study offers a comprehensive and localized framework for evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities in NGOs. By considering all aspects of the entrepreneurial process, this model can help NGOs optimize their utilization of opportunities, thereby increasing their sustainability and effectiveness. Notably, the model demonstrates that success in evaluating and exploiting entrepreneurial opportunities not only contributes to the growth and development of organizations but also leads to overall social and economic improvement in the community. Other applications of this model include providing a suitable basis for sharing experiences and best practices in entrepreneurship. The model can serve as a benchmark for other provinces and countries seeking to develop entrepreneurship within NGOs. Additionally, the proposed model can aid policymakers in designing supportive programs that maximize the impact on promoting entrepreneurship within NGOs. Based on the findings, this research can serve as a foundation for future studies in the field of entrepreneurship in NGOs and offer solutions for improving the process of evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities.
Behzad Sadeghi; Kamal Sakhdari
Abstract
1- INTRODUCTIONStudies show that high-growth firms play a vital role in increasing the number of jobs, improving productivity, and creating new products. Accordingly, firm growth has been the focus of entrepreneurship, strategic management, and economics researchers in recent years. However, although ...
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1- INTRODUCTIONStudies show that high-growth firms play a vital role in increasing the number of jobs, improving productivity, and creating new products. Accordingly, firm growth has been the focus of entrepreneurship, strategic management, and economics researchers in recent years. However, although a lot of research has been done on the factors affecting the growth of these firms in developed economies, our knowledge of emerging economies is scattered and little. Firms operating in emerging economies face unique challenges such as institutional gaps, lack of infrastructure, and political instability. Therefore, it seems that the theories developed regarding firm growth in developed economies are not suitable for explaining this phenomenon in the context of emerging markets. In addition, since studies conducted in emerging markets have dealt with firm growth through different lenses, including institutional, resource-based, and network approaches, this has led to the dispersion of existing knowledge in this field. According to this, A comprehensive framework for identifying factors affecting the growth of firms in these markets has not yet been provided. Therefore, it seems that the analysis and synthesis of existing knowledge in the field of firm growth in emerging markets will provide researchers with the possibility of a better understanding of this phenomenon. 2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKIn general, firm growth is a multifaceted concept defined differently by scholars. Previous studies in the field of factors affecting the growth of firms have also examined this phenomenon from different aspects. A group of researchers has focused on market-oriented strategies emphasizing the importance of understanding and identifying customers' needs and preferences and competitors' activities to achieve competitive advantage. Another group of researchers, by adopting a resource-based perspective, emphasizes the role of valuable, rare, inimitable, and irreplaceable resources in gaining competitive advantage and growth. However, institutional theory is a more recent perspective to approach firm growth. This viewpoint points out that, in addition to the firm's strategy and resources, institutions determine the extent of its growth. Finally, the most recent perspective on firm growth comes from the network theory, which has been emphasized especially in the context of firms' growth in emerging markets. This theory highlights the importance of relationships and social capital in facilitating the growth of firms. 3- METHODOLOGYThis research is a fundamental study concerning purpose, and regarding the data collection method, it is a meta-synthesis study. By comparing and combining the qualitative findings of previous research, meta-synthesis can help advance theories, resolve conflicts within a field, and identify future directions for research. The current research has utilized Sandelowski and Barroso's meta-synthesis model. This approach provides a systematic review of qualitative research findings and allows the researcher to interpret existing findings through a 7-step systematic process. According to the main research question in the first step, to collect research data, keywords and phrases related to firm growth in emerging economies were identified. Then, to systematically review and find the sources, the desired keywords were searched in the title, abstract, and keywords in the three subject categories of management and business, economics, and social sciences in the scientific databases of Web of Science and Scopus. Finally, after removing unrelated articles, 104 articles related to the research question were obtained, and in this way, the qualitative findings of these articles were used for the final analysis. 4- RESULTS & DISCUSSIONRegarding growth in emerging markets, the research findings indicated that organizational characteristics, managerial characteristics, resources, strategy, and environment are the five components of firm growth. Also, The research findings show that in the context of these economies, in addition to technical and market capabilities, firms should have organizational capabilities such as agility, organizational resilience, and political capabilities to protect themselves against environmental uncertainty. Moreover, it was determined that the firms' political capital is a multi-purpose concept, providing access to financial and physical resources in line with the firm's growth. Identifying the formal and informal market sectors in emerging economies, the findings also recommend the firms develop appropriate strategies for these sectors. 5- CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONSPrevious studies regarding the factors affecting the growth of firms in emerging economies have addressed this phenomenon with different approaches, which has led to the dispersion of existing knowledge. This research was conducted to fill this theoretical gap and identify the factors affecting the growth of firms in emerging markets. The research results emphasize the market-political ambidexterity strategy, having complementary market and non-market strategies, and enhancing the team's professional characteristics. Also, according to these results, future research is suggested to identify the mechanisms of isolation of competitive advantage in emerging economies, identify non-market complementary strategies, investigate the effect of political capital as a multi-purpose capital on the growth of firms, and identify various strategies that firms use for the formal and informal sectors.
Rosa Mehrabi; Jahangir Yadolahi Farsi; Kambiz Talebi
Abstract
1- INTRODUCTIONThe entrepreneurship is predominantly described as a process involves the nexus of two phenomena: ‘the presence of lucrative opportunities and the presence of individuals who create these opportunities. This framework has directed the scholarly domain of entrepreneurship by the way ...
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1- INTRODUCTIONThe entrepreneurship is predominantly described as a process involves the nexus of two phenomena: ‘the presence of lucrative opportunities and the presence of individuals who create these opportunities. This framework has directed the scholarly domain of entrepreneurship by the way of focusing on the interplay between entrepreneurial opportunities and the individuals who discover, conceive, create or pursue those opportunities. However, the field of entrepreneurship has faced with disagreement over the ‘nature of the construct of entrepreneurial opportunities. Generally, there have been two different ontological approaches of realism and subjectivism about this construct. From the practical perspective, during recent decades there has been an on-going debate in developing countries regarding the healthcare industry as a leverage for national and international development. The healthcare industry is currently among those thriving areas of entrepreneurship in Iran as a developing economy. The review of academic literature in healthcare context indicated that few studies focused exclusively on the entrepreneurship in this context. Mainly, the existence of business opportunities which are highly reliant upon the entrepreneurs has been neglected in this field. Present research fills this gap in the literature by interpreting the nature of entrepreneurship in the healthcare context on the basis of the intersubjective meanings comes from the articulation of the entrepreneurs about their interaction in shaping the nature of their surrounding business environment. Such an interpretation achieves by applying qualitative contextualize methodology of the hermeneutical phenomenology. Hermeneutical interpretation of entrepreneurial opportunity simultaneously entails the lived experiences of entrepreneurs in earning their livelihood, along with their interaction with the environment, and the pre-existence and independence nature of opportunity which is embedded in the economic, historical ,sociocultural context.2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKReviewing the theoretical foundation of entrepreneurship indicated that significant progress has been made in the last few decades about the theoretical construction of entrepreneurial opportunities. However, the field of entrepreneurship has faced with a disagreement over the ‘nature of the entrepreneurial opportunities. Generally, there have been two different ontological approaches to this construct. The first is the realist position which assumes the opportunities as the reality formed by exogenous shocks in the pre-existing environment, waiting to be discovered by the conscious entrepreneurs. The second is the subjective position which assumes it as the social construction which is endogenously enacted by the creative imaginations perceptions and activities of the entrepreneurs. Both of these alternative views approve the importance of entrepreneurial opportunity in entrepreneurship and both have provided considerable knowledge about the nature of this concept. 3- METHODOLOGYThe qualitative methodology of interpretive hermeneutic phenomenology was selected to gain a deeper understanding of participant’s lived experiences in the context of healthcare entrepreneurship. The study designed in both research design and analysis based on the principles of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). It’s an appropriate way to explore the personal, interpersonal and sociocultural participants' perceptions. Research sample included 13 entrepreneurs from healthcare enterprises in the pharmaceutical, medical devices, medical biotechnology, smart health context, besides 3 health policy makers which were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. 4- RESULTS & DISCUSSIONThe findings emerged from the interviews consist of 642 meaning units, 489 clusters of meaning, 56 master-themes, 16 meta-themes, and finally 5 overall themes which indicate the nature of entrepreneurial opportunities in healthcare context. The five final themes are: (1) the perceptional pre-structures of individual; (2) the environmental empowerments in macro levels; (3) environmental empowerments in micro levels; (4) the entrepreneur's interactive based on the perceptional pre-structures; (5) the entrepreneur's interactive based environmental empowerments. This study makes several contributions to the understanding of the nature of entrepreneurial opportunities in the healthcare context. First, the findings of this research indicate the value and importance of the technological, sociocultural, juridical and institutional conditions, also, the market structures of the healthcare context of developing countries in the success of the healthcare entrepreneurs. Second, the significance of our findings heightens by the research's focus on the independent and efficient entrepreneurs of healthcare context and their contributions to the emergence and the development of the prominent business opportunities in the healthcare industry. Third, present investigation contains the multiple levels of analysis and explicitly indicated the individual, venture along with relevant macro and micro characteristics of the business environment as the essential parts of the healthcare entrepreneurial opportunities.
ali hamidi zadeh; hasan zaraei matin; mohsen khandel
Abstract
1-Introduction
In the face of intensifying global competition and the explosion of knowledge, organizations around the globe are trying to maintain and improve their competitive position by strengthening their ability to deploy and utilize tangible and intangible assets. Increasingly the ability of ...
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1-Introduction
In the face of intensifying global competition and the explosion of knowledge, organizations around the globe are trying to maintain and improve their competitive position by strengthening their ability to deploy and utilize tangible and intangible assets. Increasingly the ability of organizations to maintain a competitive advantage depends on their successfull management of intangible assets such as human skills and knowledge. Survival in such a complex and uncertain environment is only possible by obtaining superior organizational performance which requires paying attention to factors affecting organizational performance. In this direction, strategic planning and corporate entrepreneurship are among the factors that will improve organizational performance. The world's second gas reserves and half of the gas reserves of the Middle East are in possession of Iran. The strategic importance of this resource in national development, meeting the needs of society and the global energy gives a specific rank to Iran. The use of this special privilege requires a comprehensive plan to gain maximum benefits for our country. Considering the importance of organizational learning and innovation in organizational performance, the problem that is often seen in the gas companys is lack of up-to-date knowledge, database, innovation and the leading spirit in this strategic industry. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of strategic factors and entrepreneurship on organizational performance.2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKOrganizational performance is a complex phenomenon, and perhaps the simplest interpretation for it is the collection activities directed towards achieving organizational goals. In this respect, organizational performance concerns with how an organization reaches its goals. Organizations must be able to identify indicators of organizational performance in difficult conditions that could provide respond to new problems with maximum speed. Entrepreneurship and strategic management are two dynamic processes that affect the behavior and performance of the company. It is claimed that the dynamic capabilities of the new paradigm are emerging in the field of entrepreneurship and strategic management. Organizational learning and innovation are considered as two dynamic capabilities that are essential for fostering entrepreneurship. Organizational learning and innovation simultaneously integrate a series of strategic factors (i.e., personal mastery, Transformational leadership, shared vision, proactivity, and environment). 3- METHODOLOGYSince the purpose of this research is determining the causal relationships between strategic factors, entrepreneurial (organizational learning and innovation) and organizational performance, this research in terms of aim is a kind of applied study and in terms of data collection method is a kind of descriptive - correlation research. Because of the specificity of frame sampling and universality of behavior for all members of the society, simple random sampling method was used. Statistical population of the persent study was all managers and employees of Bandar Abbas Gas Company (N=400), and based on Morgan table, 196 persons were selected. This tool is a questionnaire and was used to analyze the data collected from smart-pls2 software. 4- RESULTS & DISCUSSIONThe results of this study show that personal mastery has a direct and meaningful impact on organizational learning, but had no significant effect on organizational innovation. The direct impact of transformational leadership and proactivity on organizational learning and and innovation was confirmed but no direct impact of environment's shared vision on organizational learning and innovation was verified. The study also showed that organizational learning has a significant and direct impact on organizational innovation, and that organizational learning and innovation have a significant and direct impact on organizational performance.5- CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONSIf managers design and implement individual development plans and training needs assessment softwares, then they can hire employees with a higher level of personal mastery because the development of personal mastery enable members of organization to be faster and more initiative and responsibile in both learning and innovation. Transformational leadership possibility of creating a shared vision, strategy formulation and organizational structure enable organizations to meet the challenges of the knowledge of society. Therefore, it is recommended that the gas company managers provide the possibility of formation of quality circles to evaluate quality services to clients and that a proposed comprehensive system in the context of software be designed and implemented. Organizational commitment to personal mastery and leadership can be very naive and foolish if leaders are not able to create a shared vision. To improve shared vision it is recommended that the manager of Gas Company increase the participation of employees in meetings and conferences to explain and clarify what they want to create. Managers can play an important role in conceting the organization to the environment by deploying a performance-based recruitment system and a compensation system in gas companies, which can result in gaining support and acceptance from the environment for innovation and organizational learning. When that organization's mission, customers, capacity and strategies are determined, organizational learning can lead to radical innovation in products, services and organization processes, and finally increase organizational performance.
Yaghoob Maharati; Shamsodin Nazemi
Abstract
The failure rate of small manufacturing firms in many countries is the main concern of policy makers, decision makers, and economists. Many scholars in this context undertook numerous studies related to success of entrepreneurs, taking into account important factors such as organizational factors and ...
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The failure rate of small manufacturing firms in many countries is the main concern of policy makers, decision makers, and economists. Many scholars in this context undertook numerous studies related to success of entrepreneurs, taking into account important factors such as organizational factors and personal qualities on their success. However, the present study attempts to investigate role of environmental factors (government support system) on success of entrepreneurs in all regions of Iran. To fulfill the aim of the research, a quantitative research design with self-administered questionnaire was employed. The respondents were selected from the directory of small industries provided by Iran Small Industries & Industrial Parks Organization (ISIPO). Based on the probability sampling design, 600 entrepreneurs were selected across the country to participate in the study. The mail survey yielded 240 completed responses, which were included in the final analysis. The results of the analysis revealed that the relationship between government support system and entrepreneurs’ success in both term of growth and survival was found to be significant, positive, and linear.
Hassanali Aghajani; Ziba Ganjehkhor
Abstract
Entrepreneurship is known as the source of creating wealth through innovation, technology development, and job creation. It is believed that a revolution is needed for entrepreneurship to take place in societies nowadays. Thus the present study is aimed at determining and explaining the impacts ...
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Entrepreneurship is known as the source of creating wealth through innovation, technology development, and job creation. It is believed that a revolution is needed for entrepreneurship to take place in societies nowadays. Thus the present study is aimed at determining and explaining the impacts of six psychological variables on the Independent entrepreneurship process throughout Mazandaran province. According to the definition provided by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring, 1511 entrepreneurs are recognized throughout Mazandaran province from which 291 were selected as the sample subjects of the present study. The data collection instrument was a relevant standard questionnaire with the reliability level of 0.84. The collected data related to the six understudy variables were analyzed using a Path Analysis Regression Model. The results explained and determined the Independent entrepreneurship process, and also showed that the above-mentioned variables affected the Independent entrepreneurship process directly, indirectly, as well as interactively. The finding showed that the most affecting variable was Working Independently (-2.65). Other variables affecting the Independent entrepreneurship process in order of importance were; Creativity and Innovation (-2.09), Risk Taking (1.22), perseverance (1.085), Internal Control (1.04), and Learning spirit (-0.2) respectively. Finally, based on these results, some suggestions were made on how the managers and authorities of Mazandaran Province can improve the Independent entrepreneurship process by attending to these six psychological variables.
Seyyed Habibollah Mirghafoori; Hossein Sayyadi Tooranloo; Mohsen Taheri Demneh
Abstract
Women’s entrepreneurship has a tremendous potential in empowering women and transforming society. Recently, it has been recognized that more and more women in many cultures such as our country are becoming entrepreneurs in a formal sense. However, the prospect of women becoming entrepreneurs is ...
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Women’s entrepreneurship has a tremendous potential in empowering women and transforming society. Recently, it has been recognized that more and more women in many cultures such as our country are becoming entrepreneurs in a formal sense. However, the prospect of women becoming entrepreneurs is limited by various barriers. The statistics show that less than 10 per cent of the entrepreneurs in Iran are women and a host of barriers prevent women from realizing their full potential as entrepreneurs. This article tries to explore and identify the barriers of women's entrepreneurship in Iran. At the first we investigated the literature on barriers to women’s entrepreneurship. Then by using of experts opinions, theses barriers are classified into seven dimensions and 41 factors. Then we used statistical methods to analyses the data collected from women entrepreneurs of Yazd province. Outcomes show that 30 factors in six dimensions affect women entrepreneurship. These six dimensions are familial, scientific, personality, financial, culture-society and regulation. And the nurture dimension has no effect on women entrepreneurship.
Mohammad Taghi Ansari; Abbas Salmanizadeh
Abstract
Entrepreneurship makes an important contribution to the success of a country's economic development. It is main source of job creation, innovation and exploitation of new opportunities. That is why entrepreneurship has always been of great concern throughout the world. Entrepreneurship development is ...
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Entrepreneurship makes an important contribution to the success of a country's economic development. It is main source of job creation, innovation and exploitation of new opportunities. That is why entrepreneurship has always been of great concern throughout the world. Entrepreneurship development is established by propagation of entrepreneurship culture and promotion of entrepreneurial activity levels. Instead of numerous programs to enhance entrepreneurial ethics in Iran, the number of innovative-based created businesses in Iran is lower than of global average. Identification and assessment of the various effective factors on entrepreneurship development will be useful for policy makers. In this paper, the effects of environmental factors on entrepreneurship development from Iranian entrepreneurs' viewpoint have been investigated. A descriptive-survey method with a researcher-made questionnaire was utilized to collect data. The results show that from Iranian entrepreneur's point of view, personal experiment, environmental, social and cultural factors have significance effects on entrepreneurial activities.