نوع مقاله : مقالات
نویسنده
دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
چکیده
برخورد مؤثر با تعارض، چالش اساسی در تعاملات افراد در محیط کار است. تعارض امری طبیعی و پدیده ای اجتناب ناپذیر در زندگی فردی و سازمانی است و به دلایل متعدد و در اشکال مختلف ظهور می‌کند. مسأله اصلی در این پژوهش، شناخت فضای سازمان از لحاظ وجود تعارض و تضاد و بررسی سبک های مورد استفاده مدیران و کارکنان جهت حل و رفع این تعارضات است. برای این منظور، مطالعه در فضای یک سازمان آموزشی (دانشگاه) و در بین 43 مدیر و کارمند آن که به شیوه تصادفی انتخاب شده اند؛ انجام شد. اطلاعات جمع آوری شده (توسط دو پرسش‌نامه ادراک تعارض دوبرین و سبک های تعارض رحیم) با استفاده از آزمون من ویتنی، کای دو و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد اگر چه اختلاف معنی داری بین مدیران وکارکنان از لحاظ ادراک تعارض در سازمان وجود ندارد، اما مدیران تعارض بیشتری را در سازمان تشخیص داده اند. اگرچه اختلاف معنی داری در استفاده از سبک‌های تعارض بین مدیران و کارکنان وجود ندارد، اما نتایج نشان می‌دهد کارکنان به نسبت مدیران تمایل بیشتری برای استفاده از سبک اجتناب و مصالحه دارند. از بین عوامل جمعیت شناختی نیز تأثیر جنسیت، سن، تحصیلات و سابقه خدمت بر ادراک تعارض به اثبات رسید.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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management, 1, Tehran: SAMT.
2- Azarm, Sh. (2003). The effects of organizational conflicts on Kazeroon
employees performance, Unpublished Master Thesis, Institute of
Management Research & Education (I.M.R.E).
3- Balay, R.. (2006). Conflict management strategies of administrators and
teachers, Asian Journal of Management Cases, 3(1), 5-24.
4- Cann, A., Norman, M. A., Welbourne, J. L. & Calhoun, L. G. (2008).
Attachment styles, conflict styles and humour styles: interrelationships and
associations with relationship satisfaction, European Journal of Personality, 22,
131-146.
5- Chan, K. W., Huang, X. & Ng, P. M. (2008). Managers’ conflict
management styles and employee attitudinal outcomes: The mediating role
of trust, Asia Pacific Journal Management, 25, 277–295.
6- Conrad, C. & Scott, M. P. (2002). Strategic organizational communication
in a global economy, US of America, Earl mcpeek.
7- Daft, R. L. (2007). Organization theory and design. Translated by Parsayan,
A. & A'arabi, M., Culture Research Bureau.
8- Dubrin, A. J. (2004). Applying psychology, individual and organizational
effectiveness, New Jersey, Pearson, Prentice Hall.
9- Ergeneli, A., Camgoz, S. M. & Karapinar, P. B. (2010). The relationship
between self- efficacy and conflict handling styles in terms of relative
authority position of the two parties. Social Behavior and Personality, 38(1),
13-28.
10- Fayyazi, M. (2004). Conflict management, Tadbir, 141, 108-109.
11- Furumo, K. (2009). The impac of conflict and conflict management style on
deadbeats and deserters in virtual teams, Journal of Computer Information
Systems, 2, 66-73.
12- Gray, B.; Coleman, P. T. & Putnam, L. L. (2007). Intractable conflict: new
perspectives on the causes and conditions for change, American Behavioral
Scientist, 50(11), 1415- 1429.
13- Greenberg, J. & Baron, R. A. (1997). Behavior in organization, New Jersey,
Pearson, Prentice Hall.
14- Haghighi, M. A. (2002). Organizational behavior,
15- Hempel, P. S., Zhang, Z. & Tjosvold, D. (2009). Conflict management
between and within teams for trusting relationships and performance in
China, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 41-65.
16- Jehn, K. A. & Mannix, E. A. (2001). The dynamic nature of conflict: a
longitudinal study of intragroup conflict and group performance,
Academy of Management Journal,. 4, 238- 251.
17- Kreitner, R. & Kinicki, A. (2006). Management of organizational behavior
(concepts, theories & applications). Translated by Farhangi, A. A. &
Safarzadeh, H. Tehran: Pooyesh publication.
18- Liu, X., Magjuka, R. J. & Lee, S. (2008). An examination of the relationship
among structure, trust, and conflict management styles in virtual teams,
Performance Improvement Quarterly, 21 (1), 77- 93.
19- Ma'aboodian, H. R. (2000). The relationship between manager's attitudes
and management styles in their Kerman high schools, Unpublished Master
Thesis, Kerman Azad University.
20- Machado, F. (2001). Managing conflict in general practice, Available online
at http://www.abersychan.demon.co.uk.
21- Meyer, S. (2004). Organizational response to conflict: Future conflict and
work outcomes. Social Work Research, 28, 183–190.
22- Moghimi, M. (2007). Organization and management: research approach.
Tehran: Termeh Publication.
23- Nasiri, R. (1997). The study of manager's attitude to conflict management,
Unpublished Master Thesis, Kerman Azad University.
24- Ogungbamila, B. (2006). Relational conflict resolution strategies (RCRS)
and workplace frustration. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 16(1), 59-64.
25- Ozkalp, E., Sungur, Z. & Ozdemir, A. A. (2009). Conflict management styles
of Turkish managers, Journal of European Industrial Training, 33(5), 419-
438.
26- Pusthuma, R. A; White, G. O.; Dworkin, J. B; Yanez, O. & Swift, M. S.
(2006). Conflict resolution styles between co-worker in US & Mexican
cultures, International Journal of Conflict, 17(3), 242-260.
27- Rahim, M. A. (1983). A measure of styles of handling conflict, Academy of
Management journal, 26, 368-376.
28- Rahim, M. A. (1986). Referent role and styles of handling interpersonal
conflict, Journal of Social Psychology, 126, 79-86.
29- Rahim, M. A. & Magner, N. R. (1995). Confirmatory factor analysis of the
styles of handling interpersonal conflict: First-order factor model and its
invariance across groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 122-132.
30- Reich, Warren A; Wagner-Westbrook, Bonnie J. and Kressel, Kenneth (2007).
Actual and ideal conflict styles and job distress in a health care
organization, The Journal of Psychology, 141(1), 5-15.
31- Robbins, S. P (2006). Organizational behavior, Eleventh edition, PrenticeHall Inc.
32- Salami, S. O. (2010). Conflict resolution strategies and organizational
citizenship behavior: the moderating role of trait emotional intelligence.
Social Behavior and Personality, 38(1), 75-86.
33- Schermerhorn, J. R., Hunt, J. G., & Osborn, R. N. (1998). Basic
organizational behavior. New York: Wiley.
34- Sekaran, U. (2007). Research methods for managers. Translated by Saebi,
M. & Shirazi, M., 4th ed.
35- Shahrokni, H. (2002). Dealing with conflict, Management Development, 34,
18-23.
36- Song, M., Dyer, B. & Thieme, R. J. (2006). Conflict management and
innovation performance: an integrated contingency perspective, Journal of
the Academy of Marketing Science, 34(3), 341-356.
37- Sorenson, Paula S.; Hawkins, Katherine and Sorenson Ritch L. (1995).
Gender, Psychological Type and Conflict Style Preference, Management
Communication Quarterly, 9(1), 115-126.
management, 1, Tehran: SAMT.
2- Azarm, Sh. (2003). The effects of organizational conflicts on Kazeroon
employees performance, Unpublished Master Thesis, Institute of
Management Research & Education (I.M.R.E).
3- Balay, R.. (2006). Conflict management strategies of administrators and
teachers, Asian Journal of Management Cases, 3(1), 5-24.
4- Cann, A., Norman, M. A., Welbourne, J. L. & Calhoun, L. G. (2008).
Attachment styles, conflict styles and humour styles: interrelationships and
associations with relationship satisfaction, European Journal of Personality, 22,
131-146.
5- Chan, K. W., Huang, X. & Ng, P. M. (2008). Managers’ conflict
management styles and employee attitudinal outcomes: The mediating role
of trust, Asia Pacific Journal Management, 25, 277–295.
6- Conrad, C. & Scott, M. P. (2002). Strategic organizational communication
in a global economy, US of America, Earl mcpeek.
7- Daft, R. L. (2007). Organization theory and design. Translated by Parsayan,
A. & A'arabi, M., Culture Research Bureau.
8- Dubrin, A. J. (2004). Applying psychology, individual and organizational
effectiveness, New Jersey, Pearson, Prentice Hall.
9- Ergeneli, A., Camgoz, S. M. & Karapinar, P. B. (2010). The relationship
between self- efficacy and conflict handling styles in terms of relative
authority position of the two parties. Social Behavior and Personality, 38(1),
13-28.
10- Fayyazi, M. (2004). Conflict management, Tadbir, 141, 108-109.
11- Furumo, K. (2009). The impac of conflict and conflict management style on
deadbeats and deserters in virtual teams, Journal of Computer Information
Systems, 2, 66-73.
12- Gray, B.; Coleman, P. T. & Putnam, L. L. (2007). Intractable conflict: new
perspectives on the causes and conditions for change, American Behavioral
Scientist, 50(11), 1415- 1429.
13- Greenberg, J. & Baron, R. A. (1997). Behavior in organization, New Jersey,
Pearson, Prentice Hall.
14- Haghighi, M. A. (2002). Organizational behavior,
15- Hempel, P. S., Zhang, Z. & Tjosvold, D. (2009). Conflict management
between and within teams for trusting relationships and performance in
China, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 41-65.
16- Jehn, K. A. & Mannix, E. A. (2001). The dynamic nature of conflict: a
longitudinal study of intragroup conflict and group performance,
Academy of Management Journal,. 4, 238- 251.
17- Kreitner, R. & Kinicki, A. (2006). Management of organizational behavior
(concepts, theories & applications). Translated by Farhangi, A. A. &
Safarzadeh, H. Tehran: Pooyesh publication.
18- Liu, X., Magjuka, R. J. & Lee, S. (2008). An examination of the relationship
among structure, trust, and conflict management styles in virtual teams,
Performance Improvement Quarterly, 21 (1), 77- 93.
19- Ma'aboodian, H. R. (2000). The relationship between manager's attitudes
and management styles in their Kerman high schools, Unpublished Master
Thesis, Kerman Azad University.
20- Machado, F. (2001). Managing conflict in general practice, Available online
at http://www.abersychan.demon.co.uk.
21- Meyer, S. (2004). Organizational response to conflict: Future conflict and
work outcomes. Social Work Research, 28, 183–190.
22- Moghimi, M. (2007). Organization and management: research approach.
Tehran: Termeh Publication.
23- Nasiri, R. (1997). The study of manager's attitude to conflict management,
Unpublished Master Thesis, Kerman Azad University.
24- Ogungbamila, B. (2006). Relational conflict resolution strategies (RCRS)
and workplace frustration. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 16(1), 59-64.
25- Ozkalp, E., Sungur, Z. & Ozdemir, A. A. (2009). Conflict management styles
of Turkish managers, Journal of European Industrial Training, 33(5), 419-
438.
26- Pusthuma, R. A; White, G. O.; Dworkin, J. B; Yanez, O. & Swift, M. S.
(2006). Conflict resolution styles between co-worker in US & Mexican
cultures, International Journal of Conflict, 17(3), 242-260.
27- Rahim, M. A. (1983). A measure of styles of handling conflict, Academy of
Management journal, 26, 368-376.
28- Rahim, M. A. (1986). Referent role and styles of handling interpersonal
conflict, Journal of Social Psychology, 126, 79-86.
29- Rahim, M. A. & Magner, N. R. (1995). Confirmatory factor analysis of the
styles of handling interpersonal conflict: First-order factor model and its
invariance across groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 122-132.
30- Reich, Warren A; Wagner-Westbrook, Bonnie J. and Kressel, Kenneth (2007).
Actual and ideal conflict styles and job distress in a health care
organization, The Journal of Psychology, 141(1), 5-15.
31- Robbins, S. P (2006). Organizational behavior, Eleventh edition, PrenticeHall Inc.
32- Salami, S. O. (2010). Conflict resolution strategies and organizational
citizenship behavior: the moderating role of trait emotional intelligence.
Social Behavior and Personality, 38(1), 75-86.
33- Schermerhorn, J. R., Hunt, J. G., & Osborn, R. N. (1998). Basic
organizational behavior. New York: Wiley.
34- Sekaran, U. (2007). Research methods for managers. Translated by Saebi,
M. & Shirazi, M., 4th ed.
35- Shahrokni, H. (2002). Dealing with conflict, Management Development, 34,
18-23.
36- Song, M., Dyer, B. & Thieme, R. J. (2006). Conflict management and
innovation performance: an integrated contingency perspective, Journal of
the Academy of Marketing Science, 34(3), 341-356.
37- Sorenson, Paula S.; Hawkins, Katherine and Sorenson Ritch L. (1995).
Gender, Psychological Type and Conflict Style Preference, Management
Communication Quarterly, 9(1), 115-126.
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