Document Type : Articles
Authors
Abstract
Present study aims to identify influential dimensions affecting level of entrepreneurs' decision maker cognitive complexity with regard to the importance of cognition and its complex pattern on the process of entrepreneurial decision making. Qualitative stage of this mix method research was conducted at early stage by formation of a focus group consisted of superior entrepreneurs in 2009-2010 and later by experts in entrepreneurship and decision making fields. Data collected was analyzed using content analysis which resulted in designing research questionnaire. In second stage, a quantitative research conducted among a sample of superior entrepreneurs working in Tehran province. Results showed that cognitive complexity of decision maker entrepreneurs compose of three indicators including cognitive representations, knowledge structures and cognitive maps, which is affected by dimensions including personal characteristics and environment. Personal characteristics indicators are tolerance for ambiguity; risk-propensity, self-efficacy and need for cognition and environment indicators are uncertainty, complexity, information dispersal and ambiguity.
Keywords
- Albar, F. M., & Jetter, A. J. (2009). Heuristics in decision making. PICMET proceedings, 575-584.
- Bakker, R. M.; Curseu P. L., & Vermeulen P. A. (2007). Cognitive factors in entrepreneurial strategic decision making, Cognition, Brain, Behavior Journal, 11(9), 195-219.
- Baron, R. (2004). The cognitive perspective: a valuable tool for answering entrepreneurships basic, Journal of Business Venturing, 23(2), 56-78.
- Bieri, J. (1955). Cognitive complexity-simplicity & predictive behavior, Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 51(2), 263-268.
- Boland, R. J.; Singh, J.; Salipante, P.; Aram, J. D.; Fay, S. Y., & Kanawattanachai P. (2001). Knowledge representations & knowledge transfer, Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 393-417.
- Bakker, R. M.; Curseu P. L., & Vermeulen P. A. (2007). Cognitive factors in entrepreneurial strategic decision making, Cognition, Brain, Behavior Journal, 11(9), 195-219.
- Baron, R. (2004). The cognitive perspective: a valuable tool for answering entrepreneurships basic, Journal of Business Venturing, 23(2), 56-78.
- Bieri, J. (1955). Cognitive complexity-simplicity & predictive behavior, Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 51(2), 263-268.
- Boland, R. J.; Singh, J.; Salipante, P.; Aram, J. D.; Fay, S. Y., & Kanawattanachai P. (2001). Knowledge representations & knowledge transfer, Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 393-417.
- Bosgra, S. (2010). Cognitive complexity, industry dynamism & risk taking in entrepreneurial decision-making, In Vermeulen, P. A. M. & Curseu, P. L. (eds.), Entrepreneurial decision making & the use of bias & heuristics. Edward Elgar
publishing limited, 175-189.
- Cacioppo, I. T.; Petty, R. E.; Feinstein, J. A., & Jarvis, W. E. G. (1996). Dispositional differences in cognitive motivation: the life times of individuals varying in need for cognition, Psychological Bulletin, 119(2), 197-253.
- Calori, R.; Johnson, G., & Sarnin, P. (1994). CEOs cognitive maps & the scope of the organization, Strategic Management Journal, 15(6), 437-457.
- Curseu, P. L., & Rus, D. (2005). The cognitive complexity of groups: a critical look at team cognition research, Cognition, Brain, Behavior Journal, 9(4), 681-710.
- Chin, W.W. (1998). The partial least squares approach for structural equation modeling. Paper presented at the 18 th IPSERA conference management towards an academic.
- Curseu, P. L.; Schruijer, S. G. L., & Boros, S. (2007). The effects of group‘s variety & disparity on groups cognitive complexity, Group Dynamics: Theory, Research & Practice, 11(3), 187-206.
- Curseu, P. L. (2010). The role of cognitive complexity in entrepreneurial strategic decision making, In Vermeulen, P. A. M., & Curseu, P. L. (eds.), Entrepreneurial decision making & the use of bias & heuristics. Edward Elgar
publishing limited, 68-86.
- Danaei Fard, H., & Mozafari, Z. (2008). Promoting reliability and validity in managerial qualitative research: research audit strategy, Management Research Journal, 1(1), 162-131. (in Persian).
- Danielle G. W., & VanGestel, M. (2010). Social capital, cognitive complexity & the innovative performance of SMEs, In Vermeulen, P. A. M., & Curseu, P. L. (eds.), Entrepreneurial decision making & the use of bias & heuristics. Edward
Elgar publishing limited, 161-174.
- Dunn, I. C.; Lewowski, S., & Kirsner, K. (2002). Dynamics of communications in emergency management, Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16(6), 719-37.
- Easterby-Smith, M.; Thorpe, R., & Lowe, A. (1991). Management Research: An Introduction. London: Sage publications.
- Forlani, D., & Mulinz, I. (2000). Perceived risks & choices in entrepreneurs' new venture decisions, Journal of Business Venturing, 15(4), 305-322.
- Ginsberg, A. (1990). Connecting diversification to performance: a socio- cognitive approach, Academy of Management Review, 15(3), 514-535.
- Green, G. C. (2004). The impact of cognitive complexity on project leadership performance, Information & Software Technology, 46(3), 165-72.
- Haynie, J. M.; Shepherd, D.; Mosakowski, E., & Earley, C. (2010). A situated metacognitive model of the entrepreneurial mindset, Journal of Business Venturing, 25, 217 –229
- Iederan, O.; Curseu P. L., & Vermeulen, P. A. (2007). Effective decision making: the role of cognitive complexity in entrepreneurial strategic decisions. internal research report, department of organization studies, Tilburg university.
- Karami, A.; Bahrami, F., & Maghsoudi, J. (2005). Emotional intelligence entrepreneurship missing ring, Rouyesh Journal, 3(12), 39-53. (in Persian).
publishing limited, 175-189.
- Cacioppo, I. T.; Petty, R. E.; Feinstein, J. A., & Jarvis, W. E. G. (1996). Dispositional differences in cognitive motivation: the life times of individuals varying in need for cognition, Psychological Bulletin, 119(2), 197-253.
- Calori, R.; Johnson, G., & Sarnin, P. (1994). CEOs cognitive maps & the scope of the organization, Strategic Management Journal, 15(6), 437-457.
- Curseu, P. L., & Rus, D. (2005). The cognitive complexity of groups: a critical look at team cognition research, Cognition, Brain, Behavior Journal, 9(4), 681-710.
- Chin, W.W. (1998). The partial least squares approach for structural equation modeling. Paper presented at the 18 th IPSERA conference management towards an academic.
- Curseu, P. L.; Schruijer, S. G. L., & Boros, S. (2007). The effects of group‘s variety & disparity on groups cognitive complexity, Group Dynamics: Theory, Research & Practice, 11(3), 187-206.
- Curseu, P. L. (2010). The role of cognitive complexity in entrepreneurial strategic decision making, In Vermeulen, P. A. M., & Curseu, P. L. (eds.), Entrepreneurial decision making & the use of bias & heuristics. Edward Elgar
publishing limited, 68-86.
- Danaei Fard, H., & Mozafari, Z. (2008). Promoting reliability and validity in managerial qualitative research: research audit strategy, Management Research Journal, 1(1), 162-131. (in Persian).
- Danielle G. W., & VanGestel, M. (2010). Social capital, cognitive complexity & the innovative performance of SMEs, In Vermeulen, P. A. M., & Curseu, P. L. (eds.), Entrepreneurial decision making & the use of bias & heuristics. Edward
Elgar publishing limited, 161-174.
- Dunn, I. C.; Lewowski, S., & Kirsner, K. (2002). Dynamics of communications in emergency management, Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16(6), 719-37.
- Easterby-Smith, M.; Thorpe, R., & Lowe, A. (1991). Management Research: An Introduction. London: Sage publications.
- Forlani, D., & Mulinz, I. (2000). Perceived risks & choices in entrepreneurs' new venture decisions, Journal of Business Venturing, 15(4), 305-322.
- Ginsberg, A. (1990). Connecting diversification to performance: a socio- cognitive approach, Academy of Management Review, 15(3), 514-535.
- Green, G. C. (2004). The impact of cognitive complexity on project leadership performance, Information & Software Technology, 46(3), 165-72.
- Haynie, J. M.; Shepherd, D.; Mosakowski, E., & Earley, C. (2010). A situated metacognitive model of the entrepreneurial mindset, Journal of Business Venturing, 25, 217 –229
- Iederan, O.; Curseu P. L., & Vermeulen, P. A. (2007). Effective decision making: the role of cognitive complexity in entrepreneurial strategic decisions. internal research report, department of organization studies, Tilburg university.
- Karami, A.; Bahrami, F., & Maghsoudi, J. (2005). Emotional intelligence entrepreneurship missing ring, Rouyesh Journal, 3(12), 39-53. (in Persian).
- Klein, I. H., & Cooper, D. E. (1982). Cognitive maps of decision-makers in a complex game, Journal of the Operational Research Society, 33(1), 63-71.
- Mayring, P. (2000). Qualitative content analysis forum, Qualitative Social Research, 1(2), 20.
- Mathieu, I. E.; Heffner, T. S.; Goodwin, S. G. F., & Cannon-Bowers, A. (2000). The influence of shared mental models on team process & performance, Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(2), 273-283.
- Mitchell, R. K.; Busenitz, L. W.; Bird, B.; Gaglio, C. M.; McCullen, I. S.; Morse, E. A., & Smith, IB. (2007). The central question in entrepreneurial cognition research 2007, Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 31(1), 1-27.
- Mitchell, R. K.; Busenitz, L. W.; Lant, T.; McDougall, P. P.; Morse, E. A., & Smith, J. B. (2002). Toward a theory of entrepreneurial cognition: rethinking the people side of entrepreneurship research, Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice,
27(2), 93-104.
- Shane, S.; Locke E. A., & Collins, C. J. (2003). Entrepreneurial motivation, Human Resource Management Review, 13(2), 257-79.
- Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. E. (2000). Individual differences in reasoning: implications for the rationality debate, Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 23, 645-726.
- Streufert, S., & Swezey, R. W. (1986). Complexity, managers, & organizations. New York: academic press.
Vermeulen, P. A. M., & Curseu, P. L. (2010). Entrepreneurs and strategic decisions, In Vermeulen, P. A. M., & Curseu, P. L. (eds.), Entrepreneurial decision making & the use of bias & heuristics. Edward Elgar publishing limited,
1-8.
- Walsh, J. P. (1995). Managerial & organizational cognition: notes from a trip down memory lane, Organization Science, 6(3), 280-321.
- Mayring, P. (2000). Qualitative content analysis forum, Qualitative Social Research, 1(2), 20.
- Mathieu, I. E.; Heffner, T. S.; Goodwin, S. G. F., & Cannon-Bowers, A. (2000). The influence of shared mental models on team process & performance, Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(2), 273-283.
- Mitchell, R. K.; Busenitz, L. W.; Bird, B.; Gaglio, C. M.; McCullen, I. S.; Morse, E. A., & Smith, IB. (2007). The central question in entrepreneurial cognition research 2007, Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 31(1), 1-27.
- Mitchell, R. K.; Busenitz, L. W.; Lant, T.; McDougall, P. P.; Morse, E. A., & Smith, J. B. (2002). Toward a theory of entrepreneurial cognition: rethinking the people side of entrepreneurship research, Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice,
27(2), 93-104.
- Shane, S.; Locke E. A., & Collins, C. J. (2003). Entrepreneurial motivation, Human Resource Management Review, 13(2), 257-79.
- Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. E. (2000). Individual differences in reasoning: implications for the rationality debate, Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 23, 645-726.
- Streufert, S., & Swezey, R. W. (1986). Complexity, managers, & organizations. New York: academic press.
Vermeulen, P. A. M., & Curseu, P. L. (2010). Entrepreneurs and strategic decisions, In Vermeulen, P. A. M., & Curseu, P. L. (eds.), Entrepreneurial decision making & the use of bias & heuristics. Edward Elgar publishing limited,
1-8.
- Walsh, J. P. (1995). Managerial & organizational cognition: notes from a trip down memory lane, Organization Science, 6(3), 280-321.
)
Send comment about this article