In the current era, technology and information technology has become a permanent tool in human interactions, which requires a change in leadership approach. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and analyzing the key factors of success and the consequences of implementing the virtual leadership style. The current research is an exploratory research in terms of practical purpose in terms of gathering information. Also, this research is a type of mixed qualitative and quantitative research based on comparative and inductive philosophy. The statistical population of the research is organizational managers along with university professors, and they were selected with the purposeful sampling method due to their theoretical and practical familiarity with the research topic and based on the principle of theoretical saturation. The data collection tool is interview in the qualitative part and questionnaire in the quantitative part. The data collection tool is in the qualitative part of the interview, the validity and reliability of which was confirmed using content validity and theoretical validity and intra-coder and inter-coder reliability methods. Also, the tool for collecting information in the quantitative part is a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed using the content validity and reliability of the test. In this research, the content analysis and coding method was used in the qualitative part and the FCM fuzzy cognitive map method was used in the quantitative part for data analysis. The research results include the identification and analysis of key success factors and the consequences of virtual leadership style implementation. The results of this research indicate that the necessity of establishing coordination and communication between team members, electronic intelligence skills, knowledge and awareness of virtual leaders towards leading in a multicultural and multilingual society are the most important antecedents of virtual leadership style. Also, the high speed of communication, formality and de-bureaucracy were identified as the most important suffixes of virtual leadership