نوع مقاله : مقالات
نویسندگان
1 استادیار دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی
2 کارشناس ارشد مدیریت دولتی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی
چکیده
هدف از این تحقیق شناسایی ارتباط توانمندسازی روانشناختی کارکنان با ساختار سازمانی می باشد. توانمندسازی روانشناختی نیز بعنوان یکی از مهمترین مباحث توسعه منابع انسانی، دارای چهار مؤلفه شایستگی، خود تعیین کنندگی، معنی‌داری و اثرگذاری است (مطالعات اسپریتزر). این پژوهش به لحاظ اهداف پژوهشی کاربردی و با شیوه توصیفی - همبستگی اجرا شده است. جامعه آماری این تحقیق شامل 560 نفر از کارکنان شرکت ملی پخش فرآورده‌های نفتی ایران - منطقه تهران بوده که به کمک فرمول تعیین حجم نمونه در فضای دوجمله ای و روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده، تعداد 230 نفر از آنان بعنوان نمونه انتخاب گردید. همچنین با محاسبه و آزمون ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن، رابطه بین ساختار سازمانی و توانمندسازی کارکنان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بر این اساس، نتایج تحقیق منجر به معرفی ابعاد ساختاری مورد نیاز برای توانمندسازی کارکنان شرکت ملی پخش فرآورده های نفتی ایران - منظقه تهران شد. ارائه الگوی ساختاری مناسب جهت توانمندسازی کارکنان جامعه تحقیق نیز از دیگر نتایج این پژوهش می باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
1- Alsop. Ruth and Heinsohn. Nina, (2005). “Measuring empowerment in
practice: structuring analysis and framing indicators”, world Bank policy
research working paper 3510, February.
2- Amichai. Yair. H, Katelyn. Y. A. M and Samuel. A, (2008). “Assessment of
organisational involvement in implementing empowerment”, Journal of
computers in human behavior, Vol.14, PP 34-49.
3- “Annual report of restructuring in national iranian oil products
distribution company, (NIOPDC)”, (2006). Central library of national
iranian oil products Distribution Company, (in persian).
4- Blackburn. Richards, (1999). “Dimension of structure: a review and
reappraisal”, Academy of management review, Vol 2, No.l.
5- Child. J, (2008). “Organization structure, environment, and performance:
the role of strategic choice”, Sociology, v6, PP 1-22.
6- Conger, J. A and Kanungo, R. N, (1988). “The empowerment process:
integrating theory and practice”, Academy of management review, Vol.13,
PP 471–482.
7- Cyert. R. M and March. J. G, (2007). “A behavioral theory of the firm”,
Prentice hall, Upper saddle river, NJ, PP 128-287.
8- Daft. Richard. L, (1998). “Organization theory and design”, Third edition,
West publishing company.
9- Dimitriades. Zoe. S (2005). “Employee empowerment in the greek context”, International journal of manpower, Vol.26, No.1, PP 80-92.
10-Douglas. May. R, Gilson. Richard. L and Lynn. Harter. M, (2004). “The
psychological conditions of meaningfulness”, Journal of occupational and
organizational psychology, the british psychological society, No.77, PP 11–
37.
11-Ergenli. Aziz, Saglam. Guler and Metin. Selin, (2007). “Psychological
empowerment and its relationship to trust in immediate managers”,
Journal of business research, Vol.60, PP 41-49.
12-Gresov. C and Drazin. R, (2007). “Equifinality: functional equivalence in
organization design”, Academy of management review, Vol.22, PP 403-428.
13-Hechanova. Ma. R, Alampay. R. A and France. E. P, (2006). “Psychological
empowerment, job satisfaction and performance among filipino service
workers”, Asian journal of social psychology, No.9, P 72.
14-Holden. D. J, (2004). “Quantifying the impact of participation in local
tobacco control groups on the psychological empowerment of involved
youth”, Health education & behavior, Vol.31, No.5, PP 615–628.
15-Horwitz. Frank. M and Nevills. Mark. A, (1994). “Organization design for
service excellence”, Human resource management, Vol.35, No.4.
16-Lawson. Savery. K and Luks. Alan. J, (2001). “The relationship between
empowerment, job satisfaction and reported stress levels”, Some
australian evidence, Journal of leadership & organization development, Vol.3,
No.22, PP 97-104.
17-Littrell. Romie. F, (2007). “Influences on employee preferences for
empowerment practices by the ideal manager”, International journal of
intercultural relations, Vol.31, PP 87-110.
18-Loraine. Powell, (2002). “Shedding a tier: flattening organizational
structures and employee empowerment”, The international journal of
educational management, Vol.16, No.1, PP 54-59.
19-March, J. and Simon, H, (2009). “Organizations”, Blackwell, Cambridge,
MA, PP 195-324.
20-Menon, S. T, (2001). “Employee empowerment: an integrative
psychological approach”, Applied psychology – an international review,
Vol.50, No.1, PP 153-180.
21-Mihm. Jürgen, Loch. Christoph. H, Wilkinson. Dennis and Huberman.
Bernardo. A, (2010). “Hierarchical structure and search in complex
organizations”, Management science, Vol.56, No.5, PP 831-848.
22-Mintzberg, Henry, (1979). “The structuring of organization”, Englewood
cliff, NJ, prentice hall.
23-Mohammadi, Mohammad, (2001). “Empowerment of personal, approaches
& processes”, Quarterly of studies in management, No 33-34, PP 175-201,
(in Persian).
24-Peterson. N. Andrew and Zimmerman. Marc. A, (2004). “Beyond the
individual: toward a nomological network of organizational
empowerment”, American journal of community psychology, Vol.34,
بررسی رابطه ساختار سازمانی و توانمندسازی کارکنان... 177
No.1/2, PP 129-148.
25-Quinne. R. E & Speritzer. G. M, (1997). “The road to empowerment: seven
questions every leader should consider”, Organizational dynamics, Vol.2, P
26.
26-Raflg. Mohammed & Ahmad. K, (1999). “A contingency model for
empowering customer- contact services”, management decision, PP 320-
341.
27-Rapp. Adam & Hearne. Michael & Mathieu. John & Schillewaert. Niels,
(2006). “The impact of knowledge and empowerment on working smart
and working hard: the moderating role of experience”, Intern journal of
research in marketing, Vol.23, PP 279-293.
28-Regina. Ma. M & Benedicto. Ramon. A & Franco. Edna. P, (2006).
“Psychological empowerment, job satisfaction and performance”, Asian
journal of social psychology, No.9, PP 72–78.
29-Rivkin, J. W & Siggelkow, N, (2008). “Balancing search and stability:
interdependencies among elements of organizational design”,
Management science, Vol.49, PP 290-311.
30-Robbins. Stephen. P, (1998). “Organization theory”, New york, Prentice
hall.
31-Robbins. T. L & Crino. M. D & Fredendall. L. D, (2002). “An integrative
model of the empowerment process”, Human resource management review,
No12, PP 419-420.
32-Roy. Yong. J. C & Lyenger. Sheena. S, (2005). “Empowerment through
choice? a critical analysis of the effects of choice in organizations”,
Research in organizational behaviors, Vol.27, PP 41-79.
33-Siegall, Marc & Gardner. Susan, (2000). “Contextual factors of
psychological empowerment”, California state university, chico, california,
USA, Personnel review, Vol. 29, No. 6, PP 703-722.
34-Siggelkow, N & Rivkin. J. W, (2007). “Speed and search: designing
organizations for turbulence and complexity”, Organizational science,
Vol.16, PP 101-122.
35-Speritzer. G. M, (1995). “Psycological empowerment in the work place.
dimensions, measurement, and validation”, Academy of management
journal, Vol.38, P1442-1465.
36-Spreitzer. Gretchen. M, (1996). “Social structural characteristics of
psychological empowerment”, Academy of management journal, Vol.39, PP
483–504.
37-Spreitzer. Gretchen. M & Doneson. David, (2005). “Musings on the past and
future of employee empowerment”, Forthcoming in the handbook of
organizational development (Edited by tom cummings).
38-Thomas. K & Velthouse. B, (1990). “Cognitive elements of empowerment:
an interpretive model of intrinsic task motivation”, Academy of
management review, No.15, PP 666-681.
39-Vaten. David & Kameron. A, (1999). “Empowerment and delivery of
178 پژوهش نامة مدیریت تحول؛ سال دوم، شمارة ،3 نیمة اول 1389
authority”, translation by badrodin. orai, institution of research and training
management, attached to ministry of power, (in Persian).
40-Wood. Stephen. J & Desmond. J, (2004). “Empowerment and
performance”, Toby. D. wall, leach institute of work psychology, University
of sheffield, UK, International review of industrial & organizational
psychology, Vol.19.
41-Zimmerman. M. A, (2004). “Empowerment theory: psychological,
organizational and community levels of analysis”, In rappaport j, seidman
e, Eds, Handbook of community psychology. New york, kluwer
academic/plenum publishers, PP 43–63.
practice: structuring analysis and framing indicators”, world Bank policy
research working paper 3510, February.
2- Amichai. Yair. H, Katelyn. Y. A. M and Samuel. A, (2008). “Assessment of
organisational involvement in implementing empowerment”, Journal of
computers in human behavior, Vol.14, PP 34-49.
3- “Annual report of restructuring in national iranian oil products
distribution company, (NIOPDC)”, (2006). Central library of national
iranian oil products Distribution Company, (in persian).
4- Blackburn. Richards, (1999). “Dimension of structure: a review and
reappraisal”, Academy of management review, Vol 2, No.l.
5- Child. J, (2008). “Organization structure, environment, and performance:
the role of strategic choice”, Sociology, v6, PP 1-22.
6- Conger, J. A and Kanungo, R. N, (1988). “The empowerment process:
integrating theory and practice”, Academy of management review, Vol.13,
PP 471–482.
7- Cyert. R. M and March. J. G, (2007). “A behavioral theory of the firm”,
Prentice hall, Upper saddle river, NJ, PP 128-287.
8- Daft. Richard. L, (1998). “Organization theory and design”, Third edition,
West publishing company.
9- Dimitriades. Zoe. S (2005). “Employee empowerment in the greek context”, International journal of manpower, Vol.26, No.1, PP 80-92.
10-Douglas. May. R, Gilson. Richard. L and Lynn. Harter. M, (2004). “The
psychological conditions of meaningfulness”, Journal of occupational and
organizational psychology, the british psychological society, No.77, PP 11–
37.
11-Ergenli. Aziz, Saglam. Guler and Metin. Selin, (2007). “Psychological
empowerment and its relationship to trust in immediate managers”,
Journal of business research, Vol.60, PP 41-49.
12-Gresov. C and Drazin. R, (2007). “Equifinality: functional equivalence in
organization design”, Academy of management review, Vol.22, PP 403-428.
13-Hechanova. Ma. R, Alampay. R. A and France. E. P, (2006). “Psychological
empowerment, job satisfaction and performance among filipino service
workers”, Asian journal of social psychology, No.9, P 72.
14-Holden. D. J, (2004). “Quantifying the impact of participation in local
tobacco control groups on the psychological empowerment of involved
youth”, Health education & behavior, Vol.31, No.5, PP 615–628.
15-Horwitz. Frank. M and Nevills. Mark. A, (1994). “Organization design for
service excellence”, Human resource management, Vol.35, No.4.
16-Lawson. Savery. K and Luks. Alan. J, (2001). “The relationship between
empowerment, job satisfaction and reported stress levels”, Some
australian evidence, Journal of leadership & organization development, Vol.3,
No.22, PP 97-104.
17-Littrell. Romie. F, (2007). “Influences on employee preferences for
empowerment practices by the ideal manager”, International journal of
intercultural relations, Vol.31, PP 87-110.
18-Loraine. Powell, (2002). “Shedding a tier: flattening organizational
structures and employee empowerment”, The international journal of
educational management, Vol.16, No.1, PP 54-59.
19-March, J. and Simon, H, (2009). “Organizations”, Blackwell, Cambridge,
MA, PP 195-324.
20-Menon, S. T, (2001). “Employee empowerment: an integrative
psychological approach”, Applied psychology – an international review,
Vol.50, No.1, PP 153-180.
21-Mihm. Jürgen, Loch. Christoph. H, Wilkinson. Dennis and Huberman.
Bernardo. A, (2010). “Hierarchical structure and search in complex
organizations”, Management science, Vol.56, No.5, PP 831-848.
22-Mintzberg, Henry, (1979). “The structuring of organization”, Englewood
cliff, NJ, prentice hall.
23-Mohammadi, Mohammad, (2001). “Empowerment of personal, approaches
& processes”, Quarterly of studies in management, No 33-34, PP 175-201,
(in Persian).
24-Peterson. N. Andrew and Zimmerman. Marc. A, (2004). “Beyond the
individual: toward a nomological network of organizational
empowerment”, American journal of community psychology, Vol.34,
بررسی رابطه ساختار سازمانی و توانمندسازی کارکنان... 177
No.1/2, PP 129-148.
25-Quinne. R. E & Speritzer. G. M, (1997). “The road to empowerment: seven
questions every leader should consider”, Organizational dynamics, Vol.2, P
26.
26-Raflg. Mohammed & Ahmad. K, (1999). “A contingency model for
empowering customer- contact services”, management decision, PP 320-
341.
27-Rapp. Adam & Hearne. Michael & Mathieu. John & Schillewaert. Niels,
(2006). “The impact of knowledge and empowerment on working smart
and working hard: the moderating role of experience”, Intern journal of
research in marketing, Vol.23, PP 279-293.
28-Regina. Ma. M & Benedicto. Ramon. A & Franco. Edna. P, (2006).
“Psychological empowerment, job satisfaction and performance”, Asian
journal of social psychology, No.9, PP 72–78.
29-Rivkin, J. W & Siggelkow, N, (2008). “Balancing search and stability:
interdependencies among elements of organizational design”,
Management science, Vol.49, PP 290-311.
30-Robbins. Stephen. P, (1998). “Organization theory”, New york, Prentice
hall.
31-Robbins. T. L & Crino. M. D & Fredendall. L. D, (2002). “An integrative
model of the empowerment process”, Human resource management review,
No12, PP 419-420.
32-Roy. Yong. J. C & Lyenger. Sheena. S, (2005). “Empowerment through
choice? a critical analysis of the effects of choice in organizations”,
Research in organizational behaviors, Vol.27, PP 41-79.
33-Siegall, Marc & Gardner. Susan, (2000). “Contextual factors of
psychological empowerment”, California state university, chico, california,
USA, Personnel review, Vol. 29, No. 6, PP 703-722.
34-Siggelkow, N & Rivkin. J. W, (2007). “Speed and search: designing
organizations for turbulence and complexity”, Organizational science,
Vol.16, PP 101-122.
35-Speritzer. G. M, (1995). “Psycological empowerment in the work place.
dimensions, measurement, and validation”, Academy of management
journal, Vol.38, P1442-1465.
36-Spreitzer. Gretchen. M, (1996). “Social structural characteristics of
psychological empowerment”, Academy of management journal, Vol.39, PP
483–504.
37-Spreitzer. Gretchen. M & Doneson. David, (2005). “Musings on the past and
future of employee empowerment”, Forthcoming in the handbook of
organizational development (Edited by tom cummings).
38-Thomas. K & Velthouse. B, (1990). “Cognitive elements of empowerment:
an interpretive model of intrinsic task motivation”, Academy of
management review, No.15, PP 666-681.
39-Vaten. David & Kameron. A, (1999). “Empowerment and delivery of
178 پژوهش نامة مدیریت تحول؛ سال دوم، شمارة ،3 نیمة اول 1389
authority”, translation by badrodin. orai, institution of research and training
management, attached to ministry of power, (in Persian).
40-Wood. Stephen. J & Desmond. J, (2004). “Empowerment and
performance”, Toby. D. wall, leach institute of work psychology, University
of sheffield, UK, International review of industrial & organizational
psychology, Vol.19.
41-Zimmerman. M. A, (2004). “Empowerment theory: psychological,
organizational and community levels of analysis”, In rappaport j, seidman
e, Eds, Handbook of community psychology. New york, kluwer
academic/plenum publishers, PP 43–63.
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