نوع مقاله : مقالات
نویسنده
دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
چکیده
برخورد مؤثر با تعارض، چالش اساسی در تعاملات افراد در محیط کار است. تعارض امری طبیعی و پدیده ای اجتناب ناپذیر در زندگی فردی و سازمانی است و به دلایل متعدد و در اشکال مختلف ظهور می‌کند. مسأله اصلی در این پژوهش، شناخت فضای سازمان از لحاظ وجود تعارض و تضاد و بررسی سبک های مورد استفاده مدیران و کارکنان جهت حل و رفع این تعارضات است. برای این منظور، مطالعه در فضای یک سازمان آموزشی (دانشگاه) و در بین 43 مدیر و کارمند آن که به شیوه تصادفی انتخاب شده اند؛ انجام شد. اطلاعات جمع آوری شده (توسط دو پرسش‌نامه ادراک تعارض دوبرین و سبک های تعارض رحیم) با استفاده از آزمون من ویتنی، کای دو و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد اگر چه اختلاف معنی داری بین مدیران وکارکنان از لحاظ ادراک تعارض در سازمان وجود ندارد، اما مدیران تعارض بیشتری را در سازمان تشخیص داده اند. اگرچه اختلاف معنی داری در استفاده از سبک‌های تعارض بین مدیران و کارکنان وجود ندارد، اما نتایج نشان می‌دهد کارکنان به نسبت مدیران تمایل بیشتری برای استفاده از سبک اجتناب و مصالحه دارند. از بین عوامل جمعیت شناختی نیز تأثیر جنسیت، سن، تحصیلات و سابقه خدمت بر ادراک تعارض به اثبات رسید.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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- Balay, R.. (2006). Conflict management strategies of administrators and teachers, Asian Journal of Management Cases, 3(1), 5-24.
- Cann, A., Norman, M. A., Welbourne, J. L. & Calhoun, L. G. (2008). Attachment styles, conflict styles and humour styles: interrelationships and associations with relationship satisfaction, European Journal of Personality, 22, 131-146.
- Chan, K. W., Huang, X. & Ng, P. M. (2008). Managers’ conflict management styles and employee attitudinal outcomes: The mediating role of trust, Asia Pacific Journal Management, 25, 277–295.
- Conrad, C. & Scott, M. P. (2002). Strategic organizational communication in a global economy, US of America, Earl mcpeek.
- Daft, R. L. (2007). Organization theory and design. Translated by Parsayan, A. & A'arabi, M., Culture Research Bureau.
- Dubrin, A. J. (2004). Applying psychology, individual and organizational effectiveness, New Jersey, Pearson, Prentice Hall.
- Ergeneli, A., Camgoz, S. M. & Karapinar, P. B. (2010). The relationship between self- efficacy and conflict handling styles in terms of relative authority position of the two parties. Social Behavior and Personality, 38(1), 13-28.
- Fayyazi, M. (2004). Conflict management, Tadbir, 141, 108-109.
- Furumo, K. (2009). The impac of conflict and conflict management style on deadbeats and deserters in virtual teams, Journal of Computer Information Systems, 2, 66-73.
- Gray, B.; Coleman, P. T. & Putnam, L. L. (2007). Intractable conflict: new perspectives on the causes and conditions for change, American Behavioral Scientist, 50(11), 1415- 1429.
- Greenberg, J. & Baron, R. A. (1997). Behavior in organization, New Jersey, Pearson, Prentice Hall.
- Haghighi, M. A. (2002). Organizational behavior,
- Hempel, P. S., Zhang, Z. & Tjosvold, D. (2009). Conflict management between and within teams for trusting relationships and performance in China, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 41-65.
- Jehn, K. A. & Mannix, E. A. (2001). The dynamic nature of conflict: a longitudinal study of intragroup conflict and group performance, Academy of Management Journal,. 4, 238- 251.
- Kreitner, R. & Kinicki, A. (2006). Management of organizational behavior (concepts, theories & applications). Translated by Farhangi, A. A. & Safarzadeh, H. Tehran: Pooyesh publication.
- Liu, X., Magjuka, R. J. & Lee, S. (2008). An examination of the relationship among structure, trust, and conflict management styles in virtual teams, Performance Improvement Quarterly, 21 (1), 77- 93.
- Ma'aboodian, H. R. (2000). The relationship between manager's attitudes and management styles in their Kerman high schools, Unpublished Master Thesis, Kerman Azad University.
- Machado, F. (2001). Managing conflict in general practice, Available online at http://www.abersychan.demon.co.uk.
- Meyer, S. (2004). Organizational response to conflict: Future conflict and work outcomes. Social Work Research, 28, 183–190.
- Moghimi, M. (2007). Organization and management: research approach. Tehran: Termeh Publication.
- Nasiri, R. (1997). The study of manager's attitude to conflict management, Unpublished Master Thesis, Kerman Azad University.
- Ogungbamila, B. (2006). Relational conflict resolution strategies (RCRS) and workplace frustration. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 16(1), 59-64.
- Ozkalp, E., Sungur, Z. & Ozdemir, A. A. (2009). Conflict management styles of Turkish managers, Journal of European Industrial Training, 33(5), 419-438.
- Pusthuma, R. A; White, G. O.; Dworkin, J. B; Yanez, O. & Swift, M. S. (2006). Conflict resolution styles between co-worker in US & Mexican cultures, International Journal of Conflict, 17(3), 242-260.
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- Rahim, M. A. (1986). Referent role and styles of handling interpersonal conflict, Journal of Social Psychology, 126, 79-86.
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- Salami, S. O. (2010). Conflict resolution strategies and organizational citizenship behavior: the moderating role of trait emotional intelligence. Social Behavior and Personality, 38(1), 75-86.
- Schermerhorn, J. R., Hunt, J. G., & Osborn, R. N. (1998). Basic organizational behavior. New York: Wiley.
- Sekaran, U. (2007). Research methods for managers. Translated by Saebi, M. & Shirazi, M., 4th ed.
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- Song, M., Dyer, B. & Thieme, R. J. (2006). Conflict management and innovation performance: an integrated contingency perspective, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34(3), 341-356.
- Sorenson, Paula S.; Hawkins, Katherine and Sorenson Ritch L. (1995). Gender, Psychological Type and Conflict Style Preference, Management Communication Quarterly, 9(1), 115-126.
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