نوع مقاله : مقالات
نویسندگان
چکیده
در عصر حاضر که عصر اقتصاد خدمات لقب گرفته، موفقیت سازمان‌ها در گرو ارائة خدماتی باکیفیت است. ازاین رو سازمان‌ها برای بقا در اندیشة به‌کارگیری ابزارهایی همچون مدیریت دانش به‌سر می‌برند. فعالیت‌های انسانی، مانند تسهیم دانش میان اعضای سازمان، پایه و اساس فرآیند مدیریت دانش در سازمان‌هاست. تحقیقات اخیر نشان داده است قرارداد روان‌شناختی و سرمایة اجتماعی رابطه‌ای، تمایل افراد را برای تسهیم دانش و خلق دانش جدید در سازمان‌ها برمی‌انگیزند. باتوجه به اهمیت اعتماد متقابل و همکاری که دو مؤلفة سرمایة اجتماعی رابطه‌ای می‌باشند، در این مقاله نقش میانجی‌گری آنها در رابطة بین قرارداد روان‌شناختی رابطه‌ای و تسهیم دانش میان کارکنان دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد بررسی شده است. داده‌های مورد نیاز ازطریق پرسش‌نامه‌های مورداستفاده در مطالعات پیشین با تأیید مجدد روایی و پایایی و به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی جمع‌آوری شده و 210 پرسش‌نامة واجد شرایط مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت. پژوهش حاضر از حیث هدف، کاربردی و از حیث روش، پیمایشی- تحلیلی بوده و مبتنی بر الگوی مدل‌یابی معادلة ساختاری است. یافته‌های این پژوهش، نشان‌دهندة میانجی‌گری کامل متغیر همکاری در رابطة بین قرارداد روان‌شناختی رابطه‌ای و تسهیم دانش بود، درحالی‌که میانجی‌گری متغیر اعتماد متقابل در رابطة بین این دو مورد تأیید قرار نگرفت.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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- Boland, R. J., & Tenkasi, R. V. (1995). Perspective making and perspective taking in communities of knowing. Organization Science, 6(4), 350-372. doi: 10.1287/orsc.6.4.350
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- Kotlarsky, J., & Oshri, I. (2005). Social ties, knowledge sharing and successful collaboration in globally distributed system development projects. European Journal of Information Systems, 14(1), 37-48. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000520
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- Lester, S. W.; Kickul, J. R., & Bergmann, T. J. (2007). Managing employee perceptions of the psychological contract over time: the role of employer social accounts and contract fulfillment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28(2), 191-
208. doi: 10.1002/job.410.
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- Lubit, R. (2001). Tacit knowledge and knowledge management: the keys to sustainable competitive advantage. Organizational dynamics, 29(4), 164-178.
- Mascitelli, R. (2000). From experience: harnessing tacit Knowledge to achieve breakthrough innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 17(3), 179-193. doi: 10.1111/1540-5885.1730179
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- Roehling, M. V., & Boswell, W. R. (2004). Good cause beliefs in an At-will world? a focused investigation of psychological versus legal contracts. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 16(4), 211-231.
- Rousseau, D. M. (1990). New hire perceptions of their own and their employer's obligations: a study of psychological contracts. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11(5), 389-400. doi: 10.1002/job.4030110506
Cook, J., & Wall, T. (1980). New work attitude measures of trust, organizational commitment and personal need non-fulfillment. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 53(1), 39-52. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8325.1980.tb00005.x
- Cowan, R.; Jonard, N., & Ozman, M. (2004). Knowledge dynamics in a network industry. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 71(5), 469-484. doi: 10.1016/S0040-1625(03)00045-3
- Ferlander, S. (2003). The internet, social capital and local community. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland.
- Fukuyama, F., & Lotterman, E. (1997). Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. International Journal on World Peace, 14(1), 85.
- Ghasemi, V. (2010). Structural equation modeling in social researches by applying the amos graphics, (1st Ed), Tehran: publication of Jame'e Shenasan. (in Persian)
- Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: a preliminary statement. American sociological review, 25, 161-178.
Herriot, P., & Pemberton, C. (1997). Facilitating new deals. Human Resource Management Journal, 7(1), 45-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-8583.1997.tb00273.x
- Janowicz, M., & Noorderhaven, N. G. (2002). The role of trust in interorganizational learning in joint ventures. Proceedings of EURAM conference, Stockholm.
- Keshavarzi, A. (2008). Barriers and facilitators of knowledge sharing in organizations. the 1 st Iranian knowledge management conference, 2-3 Feb, Tehran, Iran: Razi conference center. (in Persian)
- Kim, S., & Ju, B. (2008). An analysis of faculty perceptions: attitudes toward knowledge sharing and collaboration in an academic institution. Library & amp; Information Science Research, 30(4), 282-290. doi: 10.1016/j.lisr.2008.04.003
- Koskina, A. (2011). What does the student psychological contract mean? Evidence from a UK business school. Studies in Higher Education, 1-17. doi: 10.1080/03075079.2011.618945
- Kotlarsky, J., & Oshri, I. (2005). Social ties, knowledge sharing and successful collaboration in globally distributed system development projects. European Journal of Information Systems, 14(1), 37-48. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000520
- Kotter, J. (1973). The psychological contract. California Management Review, 15(3), 91–99.
- Lester, S. W.; Kickul, J. R., & Bergmann, T. J. (2007). Managing employee perceptions of the psychological contract over time: the role of employer social accounts and contract fulfillment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28(2), 191-
208. doi: 10.1002/job.410.
- Levinson, H.; Price, C. R.; Munden, K. J.; Mandl, H. J., & Solley, C. M. (1962). Men, management, and mental health. Cambridge, MA, US: Harvard university press.
- Lubit, R. (2001). Tacit knowledge and knowledge management: the keys to sustainable competitive advantage. Organizational dynamics, 29(4), 164-178.
- Mascitelli, R. (2000). From experience: harnessing tacit Knowledge to achieve breakthrough innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 17(3), 179-193. doi: 10.1111/1540-5885.1730179
- Mayer, R. C.; Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20, 709-734.
- Millward, L. J., & Hopkins, L. J. (1998). Psychological contracts, organizational and job commitment. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(16), 1530-1556. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01689.x
- Morrison, E. W., & Robinson, S. L. (1997). When employees feel betrayed: a model of how psychological contract violation develops. Academy of management review, 22(1), 226-256.
- Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of management review, 23, 242-266.
- Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The knowledge-creating company: how japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. Oxford university press, USA.
- Parks, J. M., & Kidder, D. L. (1994). Till death Us do part...: changing work relationships in the 1990s. Trends in organizational behavior, 15, 111-111.
- Razavi, S. Z.; Zyaii, K.; Mazaheri, M. H., & Moradi, A. R. (2011). Measuring the status of young women’s social capital in Tehran and the effect of individual and psychological factors. International Journal of Women's Research, 1(1), 77-98.
- Renzl, B. (2008). Trust in management and knowledge sharing: the mediating effects of fear and knowledge documentation. Omega, 36(2), 206-220. doi: 10.1016/j.omega.2006.06.005
- Riege, A. (2005). Three-dozen knowledge-sharing barriers managers must consider. Journal of Knowledge Management, 9(3), 18-35.
- Robinson, S. L., & Rousseau, D. M. (1994). Violating the psychological contract: Not the exception but the norm. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15(3), 245-259. doi: 10.1002/job.4030150306
- Roehling, M. V., & Boswell, W. R. (2004). Good cause beliefs in an At-will world? a focused investigation of psychological versus legal contracts. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 16(4), 211-231.
- Rousseau, D. M. (1990). New hire perceptions of their own and their employer's obligations: a study of psychological contracts. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11(5), 389-400. doi: 10.1002/job.4030110506
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- Schein, E. (1965). Organisational psychology. Unglued cliffs: New Jersey, Prentice-Hall Inc.
- Shapiro, J., & Kessler, I. (1998). The psychological contract in the UK public sector: Employer and employee obligations and contract fulfillment. In S. J. Havlovic (Ed.), Academy of management best paper proceeding (1-7).
- Sharkie, R. (2005). Precariousness under the new psychological contract: the effect on trust and the willingness to converse and share knowledge. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 3(1), 37-44.
- Sveiby, K. E., & Simons, R. (2002). Collaborative climate and effectiveness of knowledge work-an empirical study. Journal of Knowledge Management, 6(5), 420-433.
- Usoro, A.; Sharratt, M. W.; Tsui, E., & Shekhar, S. (2007). Trust as an antecedent to knowledge sharing in virtual communities of practice. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 5(3), 199-212.
- Van Beveren, J. (2002). A model of knowledge acquisition that refocuses knowledge management. Journal of Knowledge Management, 6(1), 18-22.
- Van den Hooff, B., & de Ridder, J. (2004). Knowledge sharing in context: the influence of organizational commitment, communication climate and CMC use on knowledge sharing. Journal of Knowledge Management, 8(6), 117-130. doi:
citeulike-article-id:33072
- Wasko, M. M. L., & Faraj, S. (2005). Why should I share? Examining social capital and knowledge contribution in electronic networks of practice. Mis Quarterly, 29(1), 35-57.
- Rousseau, D. (1995). Psychological contracts in organizations: understanding written and unwritten agreements: Sage publications, Incorporated.
- Sandow, D., & Allen, A. M. (2005). The nature of social collaboration: how work really gets done. Reflections: The SoL Journal, 6 (2-3), 1-14.
- Schein, E. (1965). Organisational psychology. Unglued cliffs: New Jersey, Prentice-Hall Inc.
- Shapiro, J., & Kessler, I. (1998). The psychological contract in the UK public sector: Employer and employee obligations and contract fulfillment. In S. J. Havlovic (Ed.), Academy of management best paper proceeding (1-7).
- Sharkie, R. (2005). Precariousness under the new psychological contract: the effect on trust and the willingness to converse and share knowledge. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 3(1), 37-44.
- Sveiby, K. E., & Simons, R. (2002). Collaborative climate and effectiveness of knowledge work-an empirical study. Journal of Knowledge Management, 6(5), 420-433.
- Usoro, A.; Sharratt, M. W.; Tsui, E., & Shekhar, S. (2007). Trust as an antecedent to knowledge sharing in virtual communities of practice. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 5(3), 199-212.
- Van Beveren, J. (2002). A model of knowledge acquisition that refocuses knowledge management. Journal of Knowledge Management, 6(1), 18-22.
- Van den Hooff, B., & de Ridder, J. (2004). Knowledge sharing in context: the influence of organizational commitment, communication climate and CMC use on knowledge sharing. Journal of Knowledge Management, 8(6), 117-130. doi:
citeulike-article-id:33072
- Wasko, M. M. L., & Faraj, S. (2005). Why should I share? Examining social capital and knowledge contribution in electronic networks of practice. Mis Quarterly, 29(1), 35-57.
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