نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصادی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصادی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
3 استادگروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصادی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
چکیده
امروزه، شرکتهای خانوادگی یکی از انواع کسبوکارهای رایج در جهان هستند. توازن ارتباطات رسمی و غیررسمی از چالشهای سازمانهای امروزی منجمله شرکتهای خانوادگی است. ازاینرو، این تحقیق قصد دارد آثار متغیر خویشاوندسالاری در محل کار را شناسایی نموده و بدین طریق، به نگهداشت سرمایه انسانی کمک کند؛ بنابراین، تحقیق جاری بر اساس هدف یک مطالعه کاربردی، به لحاظ ماهیت یک مطالعه توصیفی و از نظر روش انجام کار مطالعهای پیمایشی-تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق حاضر متشکل از کارکنان شرکتهای خانوادگی شهر مشهد بوده که بر اساس قاعده مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری، نمونهای ۲۷۰ نفری از آن را با نمونهگیری تصادفی ساده بررسی کرده است. اطلاعات موردنظر بهوسیله پرسشنامه از اعضای نمونه جمعآوری شده و اعتبار آن با بررسی شاخصهای روایی و پایایی احراز گردید. بهمنظور بررسی میزان اثرگذاری متغیرها و آزمون فرضیههای تحقیق از تکنیک مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری استفاده شد. نتایج تجزیهوتحلیل آماری نشان داد که وقتی خویشاوندسالاری زیاد باشد نگرشها و رفتارهای منفی در سازمان تقویت شده و متعاقباً، رفتار جستجوی شغل افزایش مییابد. نقش میانجی بینزاکتی در محل کار و بدبینی کارکنان در رابطه بین خویشاوندسالاری و رفتار جستجوی شغل نیز تأیید شد. درنهایت، بر اساس بینشهای به دست آمده پیشنهادهایی کاربردی به مدیران و مسئولان مربوطه ارائه شده است.
کلیدواژهها
©2025 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)
Abubakar, A. M.; Megeirhi, H. A., & Shneikat, B. (2018). Tolerance for workplace incivility, employee cynicism and job search behavior. The Service Industries Journal, 38(9-10), 629-643.
Abubakar, A. M.; Namin, B. H.; Harazneh, I.; Arasli, H., & Tunç, T. (2017). Does gender moderate the relationship between favoritism/nepotism, supervisor incivility, cynicism and workplace withdrawal: A neural network and SEM
approach. Tourism Management Perspectives, 23, 129-139.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2), 179-211.
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predictiing social behavior. Englewood cliffs.
Akhlaghimofrad, A., & Farmanesh, P. (2021). The association between interpersonal conflict, turnover intention and knowledge hiding: The mediating role of employee cynicism and moderating role of emotional intelligence. Management
Science Letters, 11(7), 2081-2090.
Al-Romeedy, B., & Ozbek, O. (2022). The effect of authentic leadership on counterproductive work behaviors in Egyptian and Turkish travel agents: Workplace incivility as a mediator. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and
Leisure, 11(2), 409-425.
Andersson, L. M. (1996). Employee cynicism: An examination using a contract violation framework. Human relations, 49(11), 1395-1418.
Andersson, L. M., & Bateman, T. S. (1997). Cynicism in the workplace: Some causes and effects. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior,
18(5), 449-469.
Andersson, L. M., & Pearson, C. M. (1999). Tit for tat? The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace. Academy of management review, 24(3), 452-471.
Anderson, R. C., & Reeb, D. M. (2003). Founding‐family ownership and firm performance: evidence from the S&P 500. The journal of finance, 58(3), 1301-1328.
Arasli, H., & Tumer, M. (2008). Nepotism, Favoritism and Cronyism: A study of their effects on job stress and job satisfaction in the banking industry of north Cyprus. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 36(9), 1237-1250.
Arici, H. E.; Arasli, H., & Cakmakoglu Arici, N. (2020). The effect of nepotism on tolerance to workplace incivility: mediating role of psychological contract violation and moderating role of authentic leadership. Leadership &
Organization Development Journal, 41(4), 597-613.
Avey, J. B.; Luthans, F., & Jensen, S. M. (2009). Psychological capital: A positive resource for combating employee stress and turnover. Human resource management, 48(5), 677-693.
Barber, A. E.; Daly, C. L.; Giannantonio, C. M., & Phillips, J. M. (1994). Job search activities: An examination of changes over time. Personnel psychology, 47(4), 739-766.
Bellow, A. (2003). In Praise of Nepotism Americans censure nepotism on the one hand and practice it as much as they can on the other. There's much to be said for" good" nepotism, the author argues-which is fortunate, because we're
living in a nepotistic Golden Age. Atlantic Monthly, 292(1), 98-105.
Bernerth, J. B.; Armenakis, A. A; Feild, H. S., & Walker, H. J. (2007). Justice, cynicism, and commitment: A study of important organizational change variables. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 43(3), 303-326.
Bloom, N., & Van Reenen, J. (2007). Measuring and explaining management practices across firms and countries. The quarterly journal of Economics, 122(4), 1351-1408.
Bretz Jr, R. D.; Boudreau, J. W., & Judge, T. A. (1994). Job search behavior of employed managers. Personnel Psychology, 47(2), 275-301.
Chiaburu, D. S.; Peng, A. C.; Oh, I. S.; Banks, G. C., & Lomeli, L. C. (2013). Antecedents and consequences of employee organizational cynicism: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(2), 181-197.
Chiu, S. F., & Peng, J. C. (2008). The relationship between psychological contract breach and employee deviance: The moderating role of hostile attributional style. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(3), 426-433.
Cialdini, R. B. (1996). Social influence and the triple tumor structure of the organization. Codes of conduct: Behavioral research into business ethics, 44-58.
Cicek, B.; Turkmenoglu, M. A., & Ozbilgin, M. (2021). Examining the mediating role of organisational support on the relationship between organisational cynicism and turnover intention in technology firms in Istanbul. Frontiers in
Psychology, 12, 606215.
Colli, A. (2003). The history of family business, 1850-2000 (47). Cambridge University Press.
Chua, J. H.; Chrisman, J. J., & Steier, L. P. (2003). Extending the theoretical horizons of family business research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27(4), 331-338.
Cuskelly, G., & Boag, A. (2001). Organisational commitment as a predictor of committee member turnover among volunteer sport administrators: Results of a time-lagged study. Sport management review, 4(1), 65-86.
da Motta Veiga, S.; Debus, M.; Schmitz‐Wilhelmy, A.; Ambühl, M.; Hasler, K., & Kleinmann, M. (2024). Contextual and personal resources in unemployed job search: An intra‐individual perspective. Applied Psychology.
Dyer Jr, W. G. (2006). Examining the “family effect” on firm performance. Family business review, 19(4), 253-273.
Estes, B., & Wang, J. (2008). Integrative literature review: Workplace incivility: Impacts on individual and organizational performance. Human Resource Development Review, 7(2), 218-240.
Ford, R. & McLaughlin, F. (1986). Nepotism. Boonor Bane, Personal Administrator, 31(5), 78-89
Fox, S., & Spector, P. E. (2005). Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets, 151. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Garai-Fodor, M.; Vasa, L., & Jäckel, K. (2023). Characteristics of segments according to the preference system for job selection, opportunities for effective incentives in each employee group. Decision Making: Applications in Management
and Engineering, 6(2), 557-580.
Ghosh, R.; Jacobs, J. L., & Reio Jr, T. G. (2011). The toxic continuum from incivility to violence: What can HRD do? Advances in Developing Human Resources, 13(1), 3-9.
Gomes, D. R.; Ribeiro, N., & Santos, M. J. (2023). “Searching for Gold” with Sustainable Human Resources Management and Internal Communication: Evaluating the Mediating Role of Employer Attractiveness for Explaining
Turnover Intention and Performance. Administrative Sciences, 13(1), 24.
Graen, G., & Cashman, J. F. (1975). A role-making model of leadership in formal organizations: A developmental approach. Leadership frontiers, 143, 165.
Hershcovis, M. S., & Barling, J. (2010). Towards a multi‐foci approach to workplace aggression: A meta‐analytic review of outcomes from different perpetrators. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(1), 24-44.
Hur, H., & Abner, G. (2024). What makes public employees want to leave their job? A meta‐analysis of turnover intention predictors among public sector employees. Public Administration Review, 84(1), 115-142.
Ichniowski, T. (1988). The new nepotism: why dynasties are making a comeback. Business Week, 31(4), 106-109.
Johnson, J. L., & O'Leary‐Kelly, A. M. (2003). The effects of psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism: Not all social exchange violations are created equal. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of
Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 24(5), 627-647.
Jung, Y.; Takeuchi, N., & Takeuchi, T. (2016). Understanding psychological processes of applicants’ job search. In Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship, 4(3): 190-213. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Kanfer, R., Wanberg, C. R., & Kantrowitz, T. M. (2001). Job search and employment: A personality–motivational analysis and meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied psychology, 86(5), 837.
Karimi, L. (2008). A study of a multidimensional model of work–family conflict among Iranian employees. Community, Work & Family, 11(3), 283-295.
Kerse, G., & Babadağ, M. (2018). I’m out if nepotism is in: The relationship between nepotism, job standardization and turnover intention. Ege Academic Review, 18(4), 631-644.
Kets de Vries, M. (1996). Human dilemmas in the family firm. International Thomson Business Press. UK.
Kim, B. P.; Lee, G., & Carlson, K. D. (2010). An examination of the nature of the relationship between Leader-Member-Exchange (LMX) and turnover intent at different organizational levels. International Journal of Hospitality
Management, 29(4), 591-597.
Krausz, M.; Koslowsky, M.; Shalom, N., & Elyakim, N. (1995). Predictors of intentions to leave the ward, the hospital, and the nursing profession: A longitudinal study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(3), 277-288.
Le Breton–Miller, I., & Miller, D. (2006). Why do some family businesses out–compete? Governance, long–term orientations, and sustainable capability. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 30(6), 731-746.
Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (1996). A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout. Journal of applied Psychology, 81(2), 123.
Lee, T. W., & Mitchell, T. R. (1994). An alternative approach: The unfolding model of voluntary employee turnover. Academy of management review, 19(1), 51-89.
Li, Y., & Huang, S. S. (2017). Hospitality service climate, employee service orientation, career aspiration and performance: A moderated mediation model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 67, 24-32.
Lim, S., & Lee, A. (2011). Work and nonwork outcomes of workplace incivility: Does family support help? Journal of occupational health psychology, 16(1), 95.
Mansour, S., & Tremblay, D. G. (2016). How the need for “leisure benefit systems” as a “resource passageways” moderates the effect of work-leisure conflict on job burnout and intention to leave: A study in the hotel industry in Quebec.
Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 27, 4-11.
Megeirhi, H. A.; Kilic, H.; Avci, T.; Afsar, B., & Abubakar, A. M. (2018). Does team psychological capital moderate the relationship between authentic leadership and negative outcomes: an investigation in the hospitality industry?
Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 31(1), 927-945.
Miner‐Rubino, K., & Reed, W. D. (2010). Testing a moderated mediational model of workgroup incivility: The roles of organizational trust and group regard. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40(12), 3148-3168.
Miner, K. N., Pesonen, A. D., Smittick, A. L., Seigel, M. L., & Clark, E. K. (2014). Does being a mom help or hurt? Workplace incivility as a function of motherhood status. Journal of occupational health psychology, 19(1), 60.
Moulder, J. (2008). Book review: Cristina Neesham, Human and social progress: projects and perspectives, VDM Verlag, Saarbrücken, 2008, 220 pages. Journal of Philosophical Economics, 2(1), 142-146.
Namazie, P., & Frame, P. (2007). Developments in human resource management in Iran. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(1), 159-171.
Nazir, T., & Ahmad, U. N. B. U. (2016). Interrelationship of incivility, cynicism and turnover intention. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(1), 146-154.
Padgett, M. Y., & Morris, K. A. (2005). Keeping it" all in the family:" does nepotism in the hiring process really benefit the beneficiary? Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 11(2), 34-45.
Peachey, J. W., Burton, L. J., & Wells, J. E. (2014). Examining the influence of transformational leadership, organizational commitment, job embeddedness, and job search behaviors on turnover intentions in intercollegiate athletics.
Leadership & organization development journal.
Pearson, C. M.; Andersson, L. M., & Porath, C. L. (2000). Assessing and attacking workplace incivility. Organizational dynamics, 29(2), 123-137.
Porath, C.; MacInnis, D., & Folkes, V. (2010). Witnessing incivility among employees: Effects on consumer anger and negative inferences about companies. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 292-303.
Porter, C.; Hancock, J.; Allen, D. G., & Snyder, G. P. (2023). The multiple roles of network ties in the employee job search process. Human Resource Management, 62(4), 491-509.
Ramez, W. I. (2023). The Effect of Nepotism on Engagement and Turnover Intention in Lebanese Family Businesses. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 19(1).
Riggio, R. E., & Saggi, K. (2015). If we do our job correctly, nobody gets hurt by nepotism. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 19-21.
Roux, E.; Beccaria, G., & McIlveen, P. (2024). The role of cognitive flexibility in job search behaviour: a research agenda. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 1-18.
Şahin, MD.; Söylemez, EY., & Koç, YD. (2017). Examination of institutionalization process in family business within the framework of planned behavior theory. Dumlupınar University Journal of Social Sciences. 451-457.
Schilpzand, P., De Pater, I. E., & Erez, A. (2016). Workplace incivility: A review of the literature and agenda for future research. Journal of Organizational behavior, 37, S57-S88.
Segaro, E. (2012). Internationalization of family SMEs: the impact of ownership, governance, and top management team. Journal of Management & Governance, 16, 147-169.
Serfraz, A.; Munir, Z.; Mehta, A. M., & Qamruzzaman, M. D. (2022). Nepotism effects on job satisfaction and withdrawal behavior: An empirical analysis of social, ethical and economic factors from Pakistan. The Journal of
Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 9(3), 311-318.
Sguera, F.; Bagozzi, R. P.; Huy, Q. N.; Boss, R. W., & Boss, D. S. (2016). Curtailing the harmful effects of workplace incivility: The role of structural demands and organization-provided resources. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 95,
115-127.
Shanker, M. C., & Astrachan, J. H. (1996). Myths and realities: Family businesses' contribution to the US economy—A framework for assessing family business statistics. Family business review, 9(2), 107-123.
Song, Z., & Chathoth, P. K. (2011). Intern newcomers’ global self-esteem, overall job satisfaction, and choice intention: Person-organization fit as a mediator. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(1), 119-128.
Spranger, J. L.; Colarelli, S. M.; Dimotakis, N.; Jacob, A. C., & Arvey, R. D. (2012). Effects of kin density within family-owned businesses. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 119(2), 151-162.
Taylor, S. G.: Bedeian, A. G.: Cole, M. S., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Developing and testing a dynamic model of workplace incivility change. Journal of Management, 43(3), 645-670.
Torres, E. N.; van Niekerk, M., & Orlowski, M. (2017). Customer and employee incivility and its causal effects in the hospitality industry. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 26(1), 48-66.
Van Hoye, G. (2018). 15 Job-Search Behavior as Construct: A Review of Different Job-Search Behaviors and Sources. The Oxford handbook of job loss and job search, 259-274.
Vinton, K. L. (1998). Nepotism: An interdisciplinary model. Family Business Review, 11(4), 297-303.
Wan, Y. K. P. (2010). Exploratory assessment of the Macao casino dealers’
job perceptions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(1), 62-71.
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله